NSG555 / NSG 555 Exam 2 (Latest 2025 /
2026 Update): Nurse Practitioners in
Primary Care I | Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers | All Modules
Covered | 100% Correct | Grade A - Wilkes
Questions 1–50: NSG555 Nurse Practitioners in Primary
Care I Exam 2
Cardiovascular Disorders
1. What is the first-line treatment for stage 1 hypertension in a patient with no
comorbidities?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. ARBs
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) are first-line for stage 1
hypertension (BP 130–139/80–89 mmHg) per JNC 8 and ACC/AHA guidelines, unless
comorbidities dictate otherwise.
2. What lifestyle modification is most effective for managing hypertension?
A. Increase sodium intake
B. Reduce sodium intake and increase physical activity
C. Avoid all physical activity
D. High-fat diet
Answer: Reduce sodium intake and increase physical activity
Rationale: Reducing sodium intake and engaging in regular aerobic exercise (e.g., 150
minutes/week) lower blood pressure effectively.
3. Which assessment finding suggests heart failure? (Select all that apply)
A. Jugular vein distension
B. Peripheral edema
C. Clear lung sounds
D. Dyspnea on exertion
E. S3 gallop
, Answer: Jugular vein distension, Peripheral edema, Dyspnea on exertion, S3 gallop
Rationale: Heart failure presents with jugular vein distension, edema, dyspnea, and an
S3 gallop. Clear lung sounds are normal and not indicative.
4. What lab test monitors heart failure severity?
A. Hemoglobin A1c
B. BNP or NT-proBNP
C. Serum creatinine
D. Thyroid function
Answer: BNP or NT-proBNP
Rationale: BNP or NT-proBNP levels correlate with heart failure severity and guide
treatment.
5. What medication is contraindicated in a patient with heart failure and reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
A. Lisinopril
B. Carvedilol
C. Nifedipine
D. Furosemide
Answer: Nifedipine
Rationale: Nifedipine, a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, can worsen
HFrEF by reducing cardiac contractility. Lisinopril, carvedilol, and furosemide are
indicated.
Respiratory Conditions
6. What is a hallmark symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Acute chest pain
B. Chronic cough with dyspnea
C. High fever
D. Hematuria
Answer: Chronic cough with dyspnea
Rationale: COPD is characterized by chronic cough, dyspnea, and airflow obstruction,
not chest pain, fever, or hematuria.
7. What is the first-line maintenance therapy for moderate COPD?
A. Short-acting beta-2 agonist
B. Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
C. Oral corticosteroids
D. Antibiotics
2026 Update): Nurse Practitioners in
Primary Care I | Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers | All Modules
Covered | 100% Correct | Grade A - Wilkes
Questions 1–50: NSG555 Nurse Practitioners in Primary
Care I Exam 2
Cardiovascular Disorders
1. What is the first-line treatment for stage 1 hypertension in a patient with no
comorbidities?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. ARBs
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) are first-line for stage 1
hypertension (BP 130–139/80–89 mmHg) per JNC 8 and ACC/AHA guidelines, unless
comorbidities dictate otherwise.
2. What lifestyle modification is most effective for managing hypertension?
A. Increase sodium intake
B. Reduce sodium intake and increase physical activity
C. Avoid all physical activity
D. High-fat diet
Answer: Reduce sodium intake and increase physical activity
Rationale: Reducing sodium intake and engaging in regular aerobic exercise (e.g., 150
minutes/week) lower blood pressure effectively.
3. Which assessment finding suggests heart failure? (Select all that apply)
A. Jugular vein distension
B. Peripheral edema
C. Clear lung sounds
D. Dyspnea on exertion
E. S3 gallop
, Answer: Jugular vein distension, Peripheral edema, Dyspnea on exertion, S3 gallop
Rationale: Heart failure presents with jugular vein distension, edema, dyspnea, and an
S3 gallop. Clear lung sounds are normal and not indicative.
4. What lab test monitors heart failure severity?
A. Hemoglobin A1c
B. BNP or NT-proBNP
C. Serum creatinine
D. Thyroid function
Answer: BNP or NT-proBNP
Rationale: BNP or NT-proBNP levels correlate with heart failure severity and guide
treatment.
5. What medication is contraindicated in a patient with heart failure and reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
A. Lisinopril
B. Carvedilol
C. Nifedipine
D. Furosemide
Answer: Nifedipine
Rationale: Nifedipine, a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, can worsen
HFrEF by reducing cardiac contractility. Lisinopril, carvedilol, and furosemide are
indicated.
Respiratory Conditions
6. What is a hallmark symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Acute chest pain
B. Chronic cough with dyspnea
C. High fever
D. Hematuria
Answer: Chronic cough with dyspnea
Rationale: COPD is characterized by chronic cough, dyspnea, and airflow obstruction,
not chest pain, fever, or hematuria.
7. What is the first-line maintenance therapy for moderate COPD?
A. Short-acting beta-2 agonist
B. Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
C. Oral corticosteroids
D. Antibiotics
