B SN246: Concepts of
nu r sing (169 qu estions &
answ er s )
innate immunity
Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth.
Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Where is normal flora found?
skin, in the eyes, nose, mouth, upper throat, lower uretha, lower
intestine, and especially in the large intestine (basically all body
surfaces exposed to the external environment)
what are triggers for inflammation
antigen exposure
cellular damage
tissue damage
what are the five signs of inflammation
-redness
-swelling
-heat
-pain
-loss of function
,localized inflammation
-short term, located in one area
active immunity
a form of adaptive immunity where antibodies are produced by
host in response to antigenic stimulation
Passive Immunity
a form of adaptive immunity where antibodies are producedby
another host and transferred to host
cell-mediated immunity
type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or
abnormal body cells
humoral immunity
specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies
that circulate in body fluids
endogenous infections
occur when normal flora is introduced to a site that was
previously sterile
exogenous infections
pathogen from outside the hostis responsible for the
contamination such as a nurse hands
what is the order of the infectious process
,1. Infectious agent (ie- pathogen)
2. Reservoir (ie- environment/person/insect)
3. Port of exit (ie- eyes/oral cavity/GI tract)
4. Mode of transmission (person to person, etc)
5. Port of entry (open wounds/droplets/sex)
6. Susceptible host (immunocompromised/age)
what are risk factors for infection
-compromised physical barriers
-immunedeficient
-nutritional compromise
-recent surgery
-older age
-chronic illness
-long-term or frequent antibiotic therapy
-exposure to environemntal hazards
-presence of invasive intravenous lines
what blood tests can be done for a patient that has an infection
-white blood cell count and differential
-culture and sensitivity
-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
-C-reactive protein
-serology
what are common types of Hospiral acquired infections
-Pneumonia
-catherter associated urinary tract infections
, -surgical site infections
-central line blood stream infection
-C. diff
-injection site infections
What is the sequence for donning personal protective equipment
-hand hygiene
-gown
-mask
-goggles/ face shield
-head cover, shoe covers
-gloves
what is the sequence for taking off personal protective equipment
-gloves
-eyewear
-gown
-mask
-shoe covers and head cover
-hand hygiene
symptoms of sepsis
-change in mental status
-respiratory rate above 22
-fever
-tachycardia
-white blood cells above 12,000
-decreased urine output
nu r sing (169 qu estions &
answ er s )
innate immunity
Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth.
Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Where is normal flora found?
skin, in the eyes, nose, mouth, upper throat, lower uretha, lower
intestine, and especially in the large intestine (basically all body
surfaces exposed to the external environment)
what are triggers for inflammation
antigen exposure
cellular damage
tissue damage
what are the five signs of inflammation
-redness
-swelling
-heat
-pain
-loss of function
,localized inflammation
-short term, located in one area
active immunity
a form of adaptive immunity where antibodies are produced by
host in response to antigenic stimulation
Passive Immunity
a form of adaptive immunity where antibodies are producedby
another host and transferred to host
cell-mediated immunity
type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or
abnormal body cells
humoral immunity
specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies
that circulate in body fluids
endogenous infections
occur when normal flora is introduced to a site that was
previously sterile
exogenous infections
pathogen from outside the hostis responsible for the
contamination such as a nurse hands
what is the order of the infectious process
,1. Infectious agent (ie- pathogen)
2. Reservoir (ie- environment/person/insect)
3. Port of exit (ie- eyes/oral cavity/GI tract)
4. Mode of transmission (person to person, etc)
5. Port of entry (open wounds/droplets/sex)
6. Susceptible host (immunocompromised/age)
what are risk factors for infection
-compromised physical barriers
-immunedeficient
-nutritional compromise
-recent surgery
-older age
-chronic illness
-long-term or frequent antibiotic therapy
-exposure to environemntal hazards
-presence of invasive intravenous lines
what blood tests can be done for a patient that has an infection
-white blood cell count and differential
-culture and sensitivity
-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
-C-reactive protein
-serology
what are common types of Hospiral acquired infections
-Pneumonia
-catherter associated urinary tract infections
, -surgical site infections
-central line blood stream infection
-C. diff
-injection site infections
What is the sequence for donning personal protective equipment
-hand hygiene
-gown
-mask
-goggles/ face shield
-head cover, shoe covers
-gloves
what is the sequence for taking off personal protective equipment
-gloves
-eyewear
-gown
-mask
-shoe covers and head cover
-hand hygiene
symptoms of sepsis
-change in mental status
-respiratory rate above 22
-fever
-tachycardia
-white blood cells above 12,000
-decreased urine output
