Virtual SC- Government CP final exam vocab [ACTUAL
EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS]
WITH PRACTICE EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
government - CORRECT ANSWER The institution through which a society makes
and enforces its public policies
Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER supreme power or authority
Federal Reserve System - CORRECT ANSWER The country's central banking
system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of
money and interest rates
Brain Trust - CORRECT ANSWER Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt
during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White
House. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They
were more influential than the Cabinet.
Great Society - CORRECT ANSWER President Johnson called his version of the
Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great
Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to
education.
Legitimacy - CORRECT ANSWER the hereditary right of a monarch to rule
authority - CORRECT ANSWER the right to use power
citizens - CORRECT ANSWER People who had the right to participate in government
Monarchy - CORRECT ANSWER A government ruled by a king or queen
Oligarchy - CORRECT ANSWER A government ruled by a few powerful people
Aristocracy - CORRECT ANSWER A government in which power is in the hands of a
hereditary ruling class or nobility
,Rule by Law - CORRECT ANSWER recognition that laws exist and all are subject to
them equally
Justian code - CORRECT ANSWER a set of laws, written by the Byzantine Empire
Justinian, that served the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years.
Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER A political system in which the supreme power
lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
absolute power - CORRECT ANSWER complete control over someone or something
Indirect Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER a system of government that gives
citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf
Direct Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER A form of government in which citizens rule
directly and not through representatives
Federalist Papers - CORRECT ANSWER A collection of 85 articles written by
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend
the Constitution in detail.
Natural Law - CORRECT ANSWER A doctrine that society should be governed by
certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by
reason.
Democratic Centralism - CORRECT ANSWER The Leninist organizational structure
that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite.
free enterprise - CORRECT ANSWER Economic system in which individuals and
businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government
interference
Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER A movement in the 18th century that
advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
centralized government - CORRECT ANSWER A government in which power is
concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject
individual freedom - CORRECT ANSWER free to do whatever you want as long as it
doesnt infringe on others freedom
liberty - CORRECT ANSWER Freedom from government control
equality - CORRECT ANSWER the state of being equal, especially in status, rights,
and opportunities.
, Justice - CORRECT ANSWER Respecting the rights of others and giving them what
is rightfully theirs
John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER 17th century English philosopher who opposed
the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life,
liberty, and property.
Karl Marx - CORRECT ANSWER 1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political
economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized
as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would
replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of
Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural
sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his
philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical
excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the
essential method of rational inquiry.
Franklin Roosevelt - CORRECT ANSWER President of the US during Great
Depression and World War II
Lyndon B. Johnson - CORRECT ANSWER signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law
and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt
to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and
other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also
created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation
was probably medicare and medicaid.
Machiavelli - CORRECT ANSWER Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote
The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by
methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the
means."
Napoleon Bonaparte - CORRECT ANSWER Overthrew the French revolutionary
government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to
defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was
defeated and died in exile.
James Madison - CORRECT ANSWER "Father of the Constitution," Federalist
leader, and fourth President of the United States.
Vladimir Lenin - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist)
Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the
Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.
EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS]
WITH PRACTICE EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
government - CORRECT ANSWER The institution through which a society makes
and enforces its public policies
Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER supreme power or authority
Federal Reserve System - CORRECT ANSWER The country's central banking
system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of
money and interest rates
Brain Trust - CORRECT ANSWER Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt
during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White
House. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They
were more influential than the Cabinet.
Great Society - CORRECT ANSWER President Johnson called his version of the
Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great
Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to
education.
Legitimacy - CORRECT ANSWER the hereditary right of a monarch to rule
authority - CORRECT ANSWER the right to use power
citizens - CORRECT ANSWER People who had the right to participate in government
Monarchy - CORRECT ANSWER A government ruled by a king or queen
Oligarchy - CORRECT ANSWER A government ruled by a few powerful people
Aristocracy - CORRECT ANSWER A government in which power is in the hands of a
hereditary ruling class or nobility
,Rule by Law - CORRECT ANSWER recognition that laws exist and all are subject to
them equally
Justian code - CORRECT ANSWER a set of laws, written by the Byzantine Empire
Justinian, that served the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years.
Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER A political system in which the supreme power
lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
absolute power - CORRECT ANSWER complete control over someone or something
Indirect Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER a system of government that gives
citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf
Direct Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER A form of government in which citizens rule
directly and not through representatives
Federalist Papers - CORRECT ANSWER A collection of 85 articles written by
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend
the Constitution in detail.
Natural Law - CORRECT ANSWER A doctrine that society should be governed by
certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by
reason.
Democratic Centralism - CORRECT ANSWER The Leninist organizational structure
that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite.
free enterprise - CORRECT ANSWER Economic system in which individuals and
businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government
interference
Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER A movement in the 18th century that
advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
centralized government - CORRECT ANSWER A government in which power is
concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject
individual freedom - CORRECT ANSWER free to do whatever you want as long as it
doesnt infringe on others freedom
liberty - CORRECT ANSWER Freedom from government control
equality - CORRECT ANSWER the state of being equal, especially in status, rights,
and opportunities.
, Justice - CORRECT ANSWER Respecting the rights of others and giving them what
is rightfully theirs
John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER 17th century English philosopher who opposed
the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life,
liberty, and property.
Karl Marx - CORRECT ANSWER 1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political
economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized
as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would
replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of
Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural
sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his
philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical
excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the
essential method of rational inquiry.
Franklin Roosevelt - CORRECT ANSWER President of the US during Great
Depression and World War II
Lyndon B. Johnson - CORRECT ANSWER signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law
and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt
to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and
other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also
created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation
was probably medicare and medicaid.
Machiavelli - CORRECT ANSWER Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote
The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by
methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the
means."
Napoleon Bonaparte - CORRECT ANSWER Overthrew the French revolutionary
government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to
defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was
defeated and died in exile.
James Madison - CORRECT ANSWER "Father of the Constitution," Federalist
leader, and fourth President of the United States.
Vladimir Lenin - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist)
Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the
Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.
