Strength and Conditioning Exam ISSA
Questions and Answers 2025/2026 A+
Graded 100% Verified
Neural Circuitry that travels outside the spinal cord - ANS-Peripheral nervous system
A sensory receptor within a muscle that detects changes in length and helps regulate
contraction - ANS-Muscle Spindle
Branches of the cell body that act as receivers, collecting information from other neurons -
ANS-Dendrites
Muscle contraction is triggered when the following chemical neurotransmitters binds to receptors
on the muscle - ANS-acetylcholine
Division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement - ANS-somatic nervous
system
Type of motor unit can contract for many hours - ANS-Slow of Motor Unit
Type of motor unit has a large motor neuron & consists of a large bundle of type IIx muscle
fibers - ANS-Fast Fatiguable (FF)
Voluntary movement starts in - ANS-Cerebral Cortex
The process that allows a muscle spindle to contract at the same rate as the muscle where it
resides - ANS-Alpha-gamma Co-activation
How many nerves are contained within the peripheral nervous system - ANS-43 Pairs
The muscular system includes how many muscles - ANS-approximately 650
Muscle fiber type that's the largest & produce the most amount of force - ANS-Type IIx
Cross-bridge cycle requires energy, which is provided by - ANS-ATP hydrolysis
,The function of epimysium is too - ANS-Protect muscle from friction against other muscles or
bone.
Muscle fiber type has a very small amount of mitochondria - ANS-Type IIx
Make-up of a person's muscle fiber ratio - ANS-It can't be changed to a large degree
Training with heavy loads causes - ANS-Equal growth of type I and type II fibers
Functions like girdles & guy wires to provide an interconnected structure - ANS-Fascia
Three possible mechanisms for inducing hypertrophy - ANS-Mechanical tension, metabolic
stress, muscle damage
functional units that can make a muscle shorten - ANS-Sarcomere
Found within the appendicular skeleton - ANS-Bones of the upper & lower extremities
Movement between 2 adjacent vertebrae is made possible by - ANS-Facet Joints
Wolff's Law - ANS-The body responds by increasing or decreasing the bone's diameter
Cartilage plays important rolls such as - ANS-Bone development
Mature bone cells that maintain a bone's matrix - ANS-Osteocytes
Bone on bone contact that results in joint pain - ANS-osteoarthritis
Elastin allows tissues too - ANS-regain their original shape after being stretched
The main part or shaft of a long bone - ANS-Diaphysis
Frontal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into - ANS-Anterior & posterior
Angle that a joint rotates around its axis - ANS-The direction of rotation
The smallest blood vessel - ANS-Capillaries
Create more muscular support when performing an intense exercise - ANS-Bracing effect of a
tight core
Largest lymphatic organ in the human body - ANS-Spleen
,One of the main functions of the respiratory system - ANS-removal of waste products of
metabolism
Normal amount of air displaced between inhalation & exhalation - ANS-Tidal Volume
Major glands of he endocrine system - ANS-Hypothalamus
The amount of blood pumped through the heart per minute - ANS-Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance - ANS-The amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries.
Plasma makes up ____ percentage of blood volume - ANS-55%
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body & moves it too - ANS-The right
Ventricle
Law of conservation of energy states that energy - ANS-cannot be created or destroyed
In short term, metabolic acidosis can - ANS-impair muscle power & energy production
Process of making ATP from glucose - ANS-Glycolysis
Cytoplasm & Sarcoplasm - ANS-Sarcoplasm is where the action of the phosphates system &
the reaction components take place
The time it takes to fully replenish stored phosphocreatine after maximum effort exercise -
ANS-15-25 minutes
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources - ANS-gluconeogenesis
Lactate threshold corresponds with - ANS-Rapid drop in physical output & performance
Actions occur within the mitochondria during the first 10-30 seconds of maximal activity -
ANS-Mitochondria absorb protons (H+)
Enzyme breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids during lipolysis - ANS-Hormone-sensitive
lipase
Fuel type produces 106 ATP - ANS-Fatty acids
Mechanics are divided into two categories - ANS-dynamic and static.
Class of lever is the fulcrum (axis) located between the effort and the load - ANS-First-class
, a state of no acceleration, with the body at rest - ANS-Equilibrium
Point at which both body mass & weight are equally distributed - ANS-center of gravity.
Force is a product of - ANS-mass times acceleration.
shearing refers too - ANS-cutting or breaking.
The muscles responsible for protraction of the scapulothoracic (ST) joint - ANS-pectoralis
major.
Adduction - ANS-Movement toward the midline
Primary wrist movements include - ANS-ulnar deviation
Ankle is formed by three bones; the tibia, the fibula, and - ANS-Talus
When using skinfold calipers to assess body composition, how should the skin of the suprailiac
region be pinched - ANS-At a 45-degree angle
it is better to think of posture as - ANS-ideal or not ideal.
when muscles surrounding a joint are abnormally weakened or overactive, thus limiting a joint's
movement - ANS-Muscle imbalance
When conducting the Rockport one-mile walk test, when should the participant's heart rate be
measured - ANS-At the end of the test only
Why is the three-minute step test used less frequently than the Rockport one-mile walk test and
the Cooper 12-minute run test - ANS-It is less effective and has a lower percentage of
participant completion
the lunge assessment - ANS-The coach will observe the lunge movement with little or no
coaching.
When conducting a standard squat assessment, the participant should be observed -
ANS-anterior, posterior, and lateral positions.
a gait assessment - ANS-A gait assessment requires a coach to observe the client while
walking.
the reduction in the normal curvature of the spine - ANS-Flat back
Questions and Answers 2025/2026 A+
Graded 100% Verified
Neural Circuitry that travels outside the spinal cord - ANS-Peripheral nervous system
A sensory receptor within a muscle that detects changes in length and helps regulate
contraction - ANS-Muscle Spindle
Branches of the cell body that act as receivers, collecting information from other neurons -
ANS-Dendrites
Muscle contraction is triggered when the following chemical neurotransmitters binds to receptors
on the muscle - ANS-acetylcholine
Division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement - ANS-somatic nervous
system
Type of motor unit can contract for many hours - ANS-Slow of Motor Unit
Type of motor unit has a large motor neuron & consists of a large bundle of type IIx muscle
fibers - ANS-Fast Fatiguable (FF)
Voluntary movement starts in - ANS-Cerebral Cortex
The process that allows a muscle spindle to contract at the same rate as the muscle where it
resides - ANS-Alpha-gamma Co-activation
How many nerves are contained within the peripheral nervous system - ANS-43 Pairs
The muscular system includes how many muscles - ANS-approximately 650
Muscle fiber type that's the largest & produce the most amount of force - ANS-Type IIx
Cross-bridge cycle requires energy, which is provided by - ANS-ATP hydrolysis
,The function of epimysium is too - ANS-Protect muscle from friction against other muscles or
bone.
Muscle fiber type has a very small amount of mitochondria - ANS-Type IIx
Make-up of a person's muscle fiber ratio - ANS-It can't be changed to a large degree
Training with heavy loads causes - ANS-Equal growth of type I and type II fibers
Functions like girdles & guy wires to provide an interconnected structure - ANS-Fascia
Three possible mechanisms for inducing hypertrophy - ANS-Mechanical tension, metabolic
stress, muscle damage
functional units that can make a muscle shorten - ANS-Sarcomere
Found within the appendicular skeleton - ANS-Bones of the upper & lower extremities
Movement between 2 adjacent vertebrae is made possible by - ANS-Facet Joints
Wolff's Law - ANS-The body responds by increasing or decreasing the bone's diameter
Cartilage plays important rolls such as - ANS-Bone development
Mature bone cells that maintain a bone's matrix - ANS-Osteocytes
Bone on bone contact that results in joint pain - ANS-osteoarthritis
Elastin allows tissues too - ANS-regain their original shape after being stretched
The main part or shaft of a long bone - ANS-Diaphysis
Frontal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into - ANS-Anterior & posterior
Angle that a joint rotates around its axis - ANS-The direction of rotation
The smallest blood vessel - ANS-Capillaries
Create more muscular support when performing an intense exercise - ANS-Bracing effect of a
tight core
Largest lymphatic organ in the human body - ANS-Spleen
,One of the main functions of the respiratory system - ANS-removal of waste products of
metabolism
Normal amount of air displaced between inhalation & exhalation - ANS-Tidal Volume
Major glands of he endocrine system - ANS-Hypothalamus
The amount of blood pumped through the heart per minute - ANS-Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance - ANS-The amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries.
Plasma makes up ____ percentage of blood volume - ANS-55%
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body & moves it too - ANS-The right
Ventricle
Law of conservation of energy states that energy - ANS-cannot be created or destroyed
In short term, metabolic acidosis can - ANS-impair muscle power & energy production
Process of making ATP from glucose - ANS-Glycolysis
Cytoplasm & Sarcoplasm - ANS-Sarcoplasm is where the action of the phosphates system &
the reaction components take place
The time it takes to fully replenish stored phosphocreatine after maximum effort exercise -
ANS-15-25 minutes
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources - ANS-gluconeogenesis
Lactate threshold corresponds with - ANS-Rapid drop in physical output & performance
Actions occur within the mitochondria during the first 10-30 seconds of maximal activity -
ANS-Mitochondria absorb protons (H+)
Enzyme breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids during lipolysis - ANS-Hormone-sensitive
lipase
Fuel type produces 106 ATP - ANS-Fatty acids
Mechanics are divided into two categories - ANS-dynamic and static.
Class of lever is the fulcrum (axis) located between the effort and the load - ANS-First-class
, a state of no acceleration, with the body at rest - ANS-Equilibrium
Point at which both body mass & weight are equally distributed - ANS-center of gravity.
Force is a product of - ANS-mass times acceleration.
shearing refers too - ANS-cutting or breaking.
The muscles responsible for protraction of the scapulothoracic (ST) joint - ANS-pectoralis
major.
Adduction - ANS-Movement toward the midline
Primary wrist movements include - ANS-ulnar deviation
Ankle is formed by three bones; the tibia, the fibula, and - ANS-Talus
When using skinfold calipers to assess body composition, how should the skin of the suprailiac
region be pinched - ANS-At a 45-degree angle
it is better to think of posture as - ANS-ideal or not ideal.
when muscles surrounding a joint are abnormally weakened or overactive, thus limiting a joint's
movement - ANS-Muscle imbalance
When conducting the Rockport one-mile walk test, when should the participant's heart rate be
measured - ANS-At the end of the test only
Why is the three-minute step test used less frequently than the Rockport one-mile walk test and
the Cooper 12-minute run test - ANS-It is less effective and has a lower percentage of
participant completion
the lunge assessment - ANS-The coach will observe the lunge movement with little or no
coaching.
When conducting a standard squat assessment, the participant should be observed -
ANS-anterior, posterior, and lateral positions.
a gait assessment - ANS-A gait assessment requires a coach to observe the client while
walking.
the reduction in the normal curvature of the spine - ANS-Flat back
