NR 547 Week 4
1. Gabapentin and pregabalin are particularly useful for which type of Rest-less Leg
Syndrome?
A. Mild RLS with no pain
B. RLS associated with anxiety
C. Severe or painful RLS
D. RLS due to dehydration: Severe or painful RLS-> Gabapentin and pregabalinare often used
for RLS when pain is a predominant feature.
2. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as:
A. Low libido and premature ejaculation
B. Inability to achieve ejaculation
C. Inability to get or maintain an erection for sexual activity
D. Absence of sexual desire: Inability to get or maintain an erection for sexual activity-> ED
refers specifically to the inability to get or keep an erection firm enoughfor sexual intercourse.
3. Which of the following is a psychological cause of erectile dysfunction?
A. High blood pressure
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Stroke
D. Anxiety: Anxiety-> Anxiety, stress, and depression can interfere with arousal and
performance, contributing to ED.
4. Which of the following is not considered a common physical cause oferectile
dysfunction?
A. Heart disease
B. Stroke
C. Communication issues with a partner
D. Atherosclerosis: Communication issues with a partner-> While relationship is-
sues can contribute to ED, they are classified as psychological—not physical—caus-es.
5. What is the recommended amount of sleep per night for adults, accordingto the CDC?A.
5-7 hours
B. 6-8 hours
C. 7-9 hours
D. 8-10 hours: 7-9 hours-> The CDC recommends adults sleep between 7-9 hourseach night
,for optimal physical and mental health.
6. Which stage of the sleep cycle is characterized by sleep spindles and theabsence of eye
movement?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. REM Sleep: Stage 2-> Stage 2 is marked by light sleep with sleep spin-dles—bursts of
electrical activity—and no eye movement.
7. In which stage of sleep do most dreams occur?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 3
C. Stage 4
D. REM Sleep: REM Sleep-> Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep, which alsofeatures
rapid eye movement, irregular breathing, and muscle paralysis.
8. Which stage of sleep is most closely associated with sleepwalking?
A. Stage 2
B. REM Sleep
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 1: Stage 4-> Sleepwalking occurs during deep non-REM sleep, particularlyStage 4,
when delta waves dominate brain activity.
9. Which neurotransmitter promotes sleep by slowing brain activity?
A. Dopamine
B. Histamine
C. Adenosine
D. Norepinephrine: Adenosine-> Adenosine builds up throughout the day andpromotes
sleepiness by inhibiting wake-promoting brain areas.
10. What effect does light exposure have on melatonin production?
A. It increases melatonin production
B. It enhances REM sleep
C. It suppresses melatonin production
D. It has no effect: It suppresses melatonin production-> Light suppresses mela-tonin
production, promoting wakefulness and affecting circadian rhythms.
,11. Which of the following is a factor known to disrupt normal sleep patterns?
A. Low-calorie intake
B. Environmental noise
C. Structured routine
D. Frequent exercise: Environmental noise-> Environmental disturbances likenoise, light, and
temperature can interfere with sleep quality and cycle.
12. Which mental health conditions are most commonly associated with sleepdisturbances?
A. Generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD
B. ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression
C. OCD and panic disorder
D. Autism and borderline personality disorder: ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizo-phrenia, and
depression-> These disorders are frequently associated with insomniaand other sleep
disturbances, often due to neurotransmitter dysregulation.
13. What is the approximate duration of a full sleep cycle?
A. 20-30 minutes
B. 50-70 minutes
C. 90-110 minutes
D. 2-3 hours: 50-70 minutes-> The average sleep cycle lasts 50-70 minutes andincludes five
stages of REM and non-REM sleep.
14. As people age, what happens to their REM sleep?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. It stays the same
D. It becomes more vivid: It decreases-> REM sleep naturally decreases with age,which may
affect memory consolidation and dream activity.
15. Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with pro-moting
sleep?A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. GABA
D. Dopamine: GABA-> GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps promotesleep by
calming neuronal activity throughout the nervous system.
16. Which neurotransmitter is linked to increased alertness and wakefulness?
A. Melatonin
, B. Histamine
C. GABA
D. Serotonin: Histamine-> Histamine increases activity in the brain's arousal sys-tem and is
involved in promoting wakefulness.
17. A client reports difficulty initiating sleep. Which diagnosis is most consis-tent with this
complaint?
A. Narcolepsy
B. Insomnia Disorder
C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
D. Nightmare Disorder: Insomnia Disorder-> Insomnia Disorder involves difficulty falling
asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early with associated daytime dysfunc-tion.
18. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of narcolepsy?
A. Sleepwalking
B. Cataplexy
C. Snoring
D. Sleep terrors: Cataplexy-> Cataplexy is a sudden, brief loss of muscle tonetriggered by
strong emotions—characteristic of narcolepsy with cataplexy.
19. What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in promoting REM sleep?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. Melatonin: Acetylcholine-> Acetylcholine plays a key role in initiating and sus-taining
REM sleep.
20. Which disorder involves repeated episodes of upper airway obstructionduring sleep?A.
Narcolepsy
B. Hypersomnolence Disorder
C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
D. Insomnia Disorder: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-> This disorder features repeated collapses or
obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disrupted sleepand low oxygen.
21. Which of the following is classified as a parasomnia?
A. Restless Legs Syndrome
1. Gabapentin and pregabalin are particularly useful for which type of Rest-less Leg
Syndrome?
A. Mild RLS with no pain
B. RLS associated with anxiety
C. Severe or painful RLS
D. RLS due to dehydration: Severe or painful RLS-> Gabapentin and pregabalinare often used
for RLS when pain is a predominant feature.
2. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as:
A. Low libido and premature ejaculation
B. Inability to achieve ejaculation
C. Inability to get or maintain an erection for sexual activity
D. Absence of sexual desire: Inability to get or maintain an erection for sexual activity-> ED
refers specifically to the inability to get or keep an erection firm enoughfor sexual intercourse.
3. Which of the following is a psychological cause of erectile dysfunction?
A. High blood pressure
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Stroke
D. Anxiety: Anxiety-> Anxiety, stress, and depression can interfere with arousal and
performance, contributing to ED.
4. Which of the following is not considered a common physical cause oferectile
dysfunction?
A. Heart disease
B. Stroke
C. Communication issues with a partner
D. Atherosclerosis: Communication issues with a partner-> While relationship is-
sues can contribute to ED, they are classified as psychological—not physical—caus-es.
5. What is the recommended amount of sleep per night for adults, accordingto the CDC?A.
5-7 hours
B. 6-8 hours
C. 7-9 hours
D. 8-10 hours: 7-9 hours-> The CDC recommends adults sleep between 7-9 hourseach night
,for optimal physical and mental health.
6. Which stage of the sleep cycle is characterized by sleep spindles and theabsence of eye
movement?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. REM Sleep: Stage 2-> Stage 2 is marked by light sleep with sleep spin-dles—bursts of
electrical activity—and no eye movement.
7. In which stage of sleep do most dreams occur?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 3
C. Stage 4
D. REM Sleep: REM Sleep-> Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep, which alsofeatures
rapid eye movement, irregular breathing, and muscle paralysis.
8. Which stage of sleep is most closely associated with sleepwalking?
A. Stage 2
B. REM Sleep
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 1: Stage 4-> Sleepwalking occurs during deep non-REM sleep, particularlyStage 4,
when delta waves dominate brain activity.
9. Which neurotransmitter promotes sleep by slowing brain activity?
A. Dopamine
B. Histamine
C. Adenosine
D. Norepinephrine: Adenosine-> Adenosine builds up throughout the day andpromotes
sleepiness by inhibiting wake-promoting brain areas.
10. What effect does light exposure have on melatonin production?
A. It increases melatonin production
B. It enhances REM sleep
C. It suppresses melatonin production
D. It has no effect: It suppresses melatonin production-> Light suppresses mela-tonin
production, promoting wakefulness and affecting circadian rhythms.
,11. Which of the following is a factor known to disrupt normal sleep patterns?
A. Low-calorie intake
B. Environmental noise
C. Structured routine
D. Frequent exercise: Environmental noise-> Environmental disturbances likenoise, light, and
temperature can interfere with sleep quality and cycle.
12. Which mental health conditions are most commonly associated with sleepdisturbances?
A. Generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD
B. ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression
C. OCD and panic disorder
D. Autism and borderline personality disorder: ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizo-phrenia, and
depression-> These disorders are frequently associated with insomniaand other sleep
disturbances, often due to neurotransmitter dysregulation.
13. What is the approximate duration of a full sleep cycle?
A. 20-30 minutes
B. 50-70 minutes
C. 90-110 minutes
D. 2-3 hours: 50-70 minutes-> The average sleep cycle lasts 50-70 minutes andincludes five
stages of REM and non-REM sleep.
14. As people age, what happens to their REM sleep?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. It stays the same
D. It becomes more vivid: It decreases-> REM sleep naturally decreases with age,which may
affect memory consolidation and dream activity.
15. Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with pro-moting
sleep?A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. GABA
D. Dopamine: GABA-> GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps promotesleep by
calming neuronal activity throughout the nervous system.
16. Which neurotransmitter is linked to increased alertness and wakefulness?
A. Melatonin
, B. Histamine
C. GABA
D. Serotonin: Histamine-> Histamine increases activity in the brain's arousal sys-tem and is
involved in promoting wakefulness.
17. A client reports difficulty initiating sleep. Which diagnosis is most consis-tent with this
complaint?
A. Narcolepsy
B. Insomnia Disorder
C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
D. Nightmare Disorder: Insomnia Disorder-> Insomnia Disorder involves difficulty falling
asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early with associated daytime dysfunc-tion.
18. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of narcolepsy?
A. Sleepwalking
B. Cataplexy
C. Snoring
D. Sleep terrors: Cataplexy-> Cataplexy is a sudden, brief loss of muscle tonetriggered by
strong emotions—characteristic of narcolepsy with cataplexy.
19. What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in promoting REM sleep?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. Melatonin: Acetylcholine-> Acetylcholine plays a key role in initiating and sus-taining
REM sleep.
20. Which disorder involves repeated episodes of upper airway obstructionduring sleep?A.
Narcolepsy
B. Hypersomnolence Disorder
C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
D. Insomnia Disorder: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-> This disorder features repeated collapses or
obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disrupted sleepand low oxygen.
21. Which of the following is classified as a parasomnia?
A. Restless Legs Syndrome
