BIOL 2440 HUDSON EXAM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

BIOL 2440 HUDSON EXAM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) Cells Answer Fundamental units of life; smallest units of life Characteristics of Life (7) Answer 1. Highly organized 2. Display homeostasis 3. Reproduce themselves 4. Grow and develop from simple beginnings 5. Take energy and matter from environment and transform it 6. Respond to stimuli 7. Show adaptation to their environment Evolution Answer All present day cells have apparently evolved from the same common ancestor; defined as changes over time. Ancestors Answer 3.5-3.8 billion years ago mutations Answer changes in DNA; can be good (keep dividing, advantage), harmful (die, disadvantage), or neutral (tolerate, same). How do we study cells? Answer Through cell fractionation and microscopy. Cell fractionation Answer Isolates what is inside the cell; tissues are ground up or blended and put into a centrifuge at different speeds for different periods of time. It forms pellets and supernatant (which is the liquid). The pellet contains the largest part in the cell (sometimes the nucleus or chloroplasts if plant cell). Cell homagenate Answer The tissues being blended/ground up during cell fractionation. Cell Theory Answer Robert Hook described the first cells in 1665 describing them as the fundamental units of life. Microscopy was essential Basic types of cells (2) Answer Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells Answer Consists of plasma membrane, cell wall, sheath, mesosome, and cytosol with DNA. Ribosomes are also incorporated in these cells. Bacteria can divide every 20 minutes. Some are photosynthetic, some need oxygen and some die in aerobic environments. They have 2 domains, Bacteria and Archaea. Bacteria Domain Answer Ones we are familiar with, in soil, makes us sick, etc.