1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 231 FINAL EXAM PREP NEWEST
VERSION -2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts?
Select one:
1. Renin
2. Aldosterone
3. Angiotensin
4. Antidiuretic hormone
4. antidiuretic hormone
When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, what best reflects the patient's fluid
volume status?
Select one:
1. Blood pressure and pulse
2. Intake, output, and daily weight
3. Abdominal girth and calf circumference
4. Serum potassium and sodium levels
2. Intake, Output and Daily Weight
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
Select one:
, 2
1. Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Decreased aldosterone.
3. Slow, strong heart contraction
4. Peripheral vasodilation.
1. increased antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
Select one:
1. Increased osmotic pressure
2. Increased hydrostatic pressure
3. Decreased osmotic pressure
4. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
3. decreased osmotic pressure
When is the best time for a patient to receive antidiuretics to reduce the amount
of disruption of their daily routine?
In the morning
Fatigue is characterized by what 3 things?
1. perception of generalized weakness
2. mental fatigue
3. decreased ability to complete activities
Fatigue is classified as a health problem if it persists for...
a. 1+ week
b. 2+ weeks
c. 3+ weeks
, 3
d. one month+
b. 2 weeks
There are 3 kinds of fatigue classifications. What are they?
1. Unknown etiology
2. Physiological (due to an imbalance in sleep, nutrition and activity)
3. Secondary (due to an underlying health condition)
Fatigue is classified as chronic if it persists for...
6+ months
What are some physiological causes of fatigue (not related to health conditions,
but physiological processes themselves)
1. buildup of metabolic waste/waste products in the body
2. inflammatory process
3. an insufficient supply of nutrients needed for functioning
Which fatigue is resistant to treatment: temporary or chronic?
Chronic
What populations are at the highest risk for fatigue?
Women, older adults, and middle-aged adults
2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to which of the following (choose all that
apply):
a. seasonal affective disorder
b. an underlying medical/psychiatric disorder
c. medication side effects
d. isolation/loneliness
, 4
b. 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to either the side effects of medications or
an underlying diagnosis (secondary fatigue)
What are interventions for a nursing assessment related to a patient complaining
of fatigue?
- PQRSTU
- assess the impact on their daily life
- ask them to explain how it feels/subjective data
- observe their general appearance (facial expressions, hygiene)
- palpate lymph nodes and thyroid
- auscultate the lungs and heart
- assess muscle strength against resistance
- perform a cranial nerve assessment
- assess deep tendon reflexes
- perform any diagnostic tests (CBC, ESR, renal and liver function, HIV antibodies,
thyroid function and urinalysis)
What are primary prevention techniques for fatigue?
Balancing sleep and wakefulness, getting adequate exercise, having a healthy diet,
providing patient education for patients at particular risk for fatigue disorder
What are some interventions a patient can perform to manage fatigue?
exercise 30 minutes a day, eat a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, manage any
underlying conditions that can cause fatigue, manage stress with relaxation
techniques, have planned rest/nap breaks, use CNS stimulants if needed, consider
CBT psychotherapy, stretch/yoga regularly, and go for walks.
What is the difference between hypnotics and sedatives?
Sedatives reduce excitability but don't cause sleep unless given in high doses.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 231 FINAL EXAM PREP NEWEST
VERSION -2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts?
Select one:
1. Renin
2. Aldosterone
3. Angiotensin
4. Antidiuretic hormone
4. antidiuretic hormone
When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, what best reflects the patient's fluid
volume status?
Select one:
1. Blood pressure and pulse
2. Intake, output, and daily weight
3. Abdominal girth and calf circumference
4. Serum potassium and sodium levels
2. Intake, Output and Daily Weight
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
Select one:
, 2
1. Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Decreased aldosterone.
3. Slow, strong heart contraction
4. Peripheral vasodilation.
1. increased antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
Select one:
1. Increased osmotic pressure
2. Increased hydrostatic pressure
3. Decreased osmotic pressure
4. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
3. decreased osmotic pressure
When is the best time for a patient to receive antidiuretics to reduce the amount
of disruption of their daily routine?
In the morning
Fatigue is characterized by what 3 things?
1. perception of generalized weakness
2. mental fatigue
3. decreased ability to complete activities
Fatigue is classified as a health problem if it persists for...
a. 1+ week
b. 2+ weeks
c. 3+ weeks
, 3
d. one month+
b. 2 weeks
There are 3 kinds of fatigue classifications. What are they?
1. Unknown etiology
2. Physiological (due to an imbalance in sleep, nutrition and activity)
3. Secondary (due to an underlying health condition)
Fatigue is classified as chronic if it persists for...
6+ months
What are some physiological causes of fatigue (not related to health conditions,
but physiological processes themselves)
1. buildup of metabolic waste/waste products in the body
2. inflammatory process
3. an insufficient supply of nutrients needed for functioning
Which fatigue is resistant to treatment: temporary or chronic?
Chronic
What populations are at the highest risk for fatigue?
Women, older adults, and middle-aged adults
2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to which of the following (choose all that
apply):
a. seasonal affective disorder
b. an underlying medical/psychiatric disorder
c. medication side effects
d. isolation/loneliness
, 4
b. 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to either the side effects of medications or
an underlying diagnosis (secondary fatigue)
What are interventions for a nursing assessment related to a patient complaining
of fatigue?
- PQRSTU
- assess the impact on their daily life
- ask them to explain how it feels/subjective data
- observe their general appearance (facial expressions, hygiene)
- palpate lymph nodes and thyroid
- auscultate the lungs and heart
- assess muscle strength against resistance
- perform a cranial nerve assessment
- assess deep tendon reflexes
- perform any diagnostic tests (CBC, ESR, renal and liver function, HIV antibodies,
thyroid function and urinalysis)
What are primary prevention techniques for fatigue?
Balancing sleep and wakefulness, getting adequate exercise, having a healthy diet,
providing patient education for patients at particular risk for fatigue disorder
What are some interventions a patient can perform to manage fatigue?
exercise 30 minutes a day, eat a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, manage any
underlying conditions that can cause fatigue, manage stress with relaxation
techniques, have planned rest/nap breaks, use CNS stimulants if needed, consider
CBT psychotherapy, stretch/yoga regularly, and go for walks.
What is the difference between hypnotics and sedatives?
Sedatives reduce excitability but don't cause sleep unless given in high doses.
