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BOID 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
True/Fals Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal
lumen to push digestive contents forward and backward
Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value?
Normal
e: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances
False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the
large intestine in one direction.
Peristaltic movements
, 2
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value?
Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value?
Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D?
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D?
Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow?
Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
, 3
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid
rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth.
False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
Any combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly,
spread to other parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins. They can
compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and
tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles,
and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow.
It results from a cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation
necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The
, 4
skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction
occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage
is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their
local gym because they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density.
What word of caution would you give to them as they participate in this program?
While weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase bone density, they
should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased
risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing
exercises each day to increase bone density. They are also taking a Calcium
supplement. What additional supplement would you recommend they take?
Explain why.
They should also take a Vitamin D supplement, as it helps to increase calcium
absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D
daily. What else can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease?
You should recommend regular weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density.
This should be done in a safe manner minimizing the risk for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but
exercise done in a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done
safely as an answer should receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become
more specialized cell types.
BOID 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
True/Fals Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal
lumen to push digestive contents forward and backward
Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value?
Normal
e: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances
False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the
large intestine in one direction.
Peristaltic movements
, 2
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value?
Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value?
Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D?
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D?
Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow?
Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
, 3
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid
rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth.
False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
Any combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly,
spread to other parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins. They can
compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and
tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles,
and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow.
It results from a cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation
necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The
, 4
skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction
occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage
is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their
local gym because they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density.
What word of caution would you give to them as they participate in this program?
While weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase bone density, they
should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased
risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing
exercises each day to increase bone density. They are also taking a Calcium
supplement. What additional supplement would you recommend they take?
Explain why.
They should also take a Vitamin D supplement, as it helps to increase calcium
absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D
daily. What else can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease?
You should recommend regular weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density.
This should be done in a safe manner minimizing the risk for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but
exercise done in a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done
safely as an answer should receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become
more specialized cell types.
