NR293 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) | ASSURED SUCCESS
Pharmacokinetics -
Answer-the study of the activity of drugs over time, including the way they are absorbed,
distributed, within the body, localised in tissues and excreted
Pharmacodynamics -
Answer-is the mechanism of action which drug exert their effects on the body.
The four processes related to Pharmacokinetics -
Answer-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Absorption -
Answer-the process of the movement from site of administration into the body's
circulatory system. (stomach or intestines)
Factors that affect drug absorption -
Answer-ph of drug, site of absorption, concentration of the drug, solubility of the drug, absorbing
surface area, blood supply to site of absorption.
Distribution -
Answer-the process where the drug is transported from the site of administration to the site of
action.
Distribution can be affected by -
Answer-Cardiovascular function, drug storage reservoirs, physiological barriers, regional blood
flow, protein binding.
Metabolism -
Answer-biochemically transforms a drug into either a more or a less active metabolite. (liver)
,Factors that affect drug metabolism -
Answer-Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, genetics polymorphism, age
, Excretion -
Answer-the elimination of a drug and any of its metabolites. (renal)
What does a drug bind to in absorption? -
Answer-proteins, ions, food components in the GI tract.
What does a drug bind to during distribution? -
Answer-Albumin (only free drug is active)
What does a drug bind to during metabolism? -
Answer-Liver enzymes (CYP450 enzymes for biotransformation)
What does a drug bind to during excretion? -
Answer-Kidneys
Half-life -
Answer-the time taken for the concentration of a drug to reduce by half.
First Pass Effect -
Answer-the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug
reaches the systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
What can affect the drug half life -
Answer-liver disease or renal disease
Extended-release medication -
Answer-longer duration of action
Factors that affect pharmacokinetics in pediatrics -
Answer-immature renal function , drug toxicity, CNS effects.
Factors that affect pharmacokinetics in elderly (65 year +) -
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) | ASSURED SUCCESS
Pharmacokinetics -
Answer-the study of the activity of drugs over time, including the way they are absorbed,
distributed, within the body, localised in tissues and excreted
Pharmacodynamics -
Answer-is the mechanism of action which drug exert their effects on the body.
The four processes related to Pharmacokinetics -
Answer-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Absorption -
Answer-the process of the movement from site of administration into the body's
circulatory system. (stomach or intestines)
Factors that affect drug absorption -
Answer-ph of drug, site of absorption, concentration of the drug, solubility of the drug, absorbing
surface area, blood supply to site of absorption.
Distribution -
Answer-the process where the drug is transported from the site of administration to the site of
action.
Distribution can be affected by -
Answer-Cardiovascular function, drug storage reservoirs, physiological barriers, regional blood
flow, protein binding.
Metabolism -
Answer-biochemically transforms a drug into either a more or a less active metabolite. (liver)
,Factors that affect drug metabolism -
Answer-Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, genetics polymorphism, age
, Excretion -
Answer-the elimination of a drug and any of its metabolites. (renal)
What does a drug bind to in absorption? -
Answer-proteins, ions, food components in the GI tract.
What does a drug bind to during distribution? -
Answer-Albumin (only free drug is active)
What does a drug bind to during metabolism? -
Answer-Liver enzymes (CYP450 enzymes for biotransformation)
What does a drug bind to during excretion? -
Answer-Kidneys
Half-life -
Answer-the time taken for the concentration of a drug to reduce by half.
First Pass Effect -
Answer-the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug
reaches the systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
What can affect the drug half life -
Answer-liver disease or renal disease
Extended-release medication -
Answer-longer duration of action
Factors that affect pharmacokinetics in pediatrics -
Answer-immature renal function , drug toxicity, CNS effects.
Factors that affect pharmacokinetics in elderly (65 year +) -
