NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 3 SET 1
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
Cardiac Blood Flow - CORRECT-ANSWERSo From body
o Through:
♣ Vena cavas
♣ Right atrium
♣ Tricuspid valve
♣ Right ventricle
♣ Pulmonic valve
♣ Pulmonary artery
o To lungs
♣ Pulmonary vein
♣ Left atrium
,♣ Mitral valve
♣ Left ventricle
♣ Aortic valve
o Back to body
Cardiac Anatomy - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe heart is the size of a closed fist
2/3 of the heart is to the left of the midline
1/3 under the sternum
heart layers - CORRECT-ANSWERSEndocardium ( inner)
myocardium ( middle)
Pericardium ( outer)
Cardiac action potential: phase 0 - CORRECT-ANSWERSrapid depolarization
Sodium influx d/t voltage-gated sodium channels opening
Cardiac action potential: phase 1 - CORRECT-ANSWERSinitial repolarization of cells
voltage gated sodium channels closed
voltage gated potassium channels open
Potassium leaves cell slowly
, Cardiac action potential: phase 2 - CORRECT-ANSWERSplateau phase
voltage gated calcium channels open
influx of calcium into the cell
balances potassium efflux
calcium influx triggers more calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum > myocardial
contraction
Cardiac action potential: phase 3 - CORRECT-ANSWERSRapid Repolarization w/
potassium efflux
voltage gated potassium channels open
voltage gated calcium channels close
Cardiac action potential: phase 4 - CORRECT-ANSWERSresting membrane potential, -
85 mV
High potassium permeability from the potassium channels
Potassium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypokalemia-increased atrial preload leads to 1-3 degree blocks
Hyperkalemia-slows depolarization, leads to sunus bradycardia and junctional rhythm
Calcium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypocalcemia-decreased contractility
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
Cardiac Blood Flow - CORRECT-ANSWERSo From body
o Through:
♣ Vena cavas
♣ Right atrium
♣ Tricuspid valve
♣ Right ventricle
♣ Pulmonic valve
♣ Pulmonary artery
o To lungs
♣ Pulmonary vein
♣ Left atrium
,♣ Mitral valve
♣ Left ventricle
♣ Aortic valve
o Back to body
Cardiac Anatomy - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe heart is the size of a closed fist
2/3 of the heart is to the left of the midline
1/3 under the sternum
heart layers - CORRECT-ANSWERSEndocardium ( inner)
myocardium ( middle)
Pericardium ( outer)
Cardiac action potential: phase 0 - CORRECT-ANSWERSrapid depolarization
Sodium influx d/t voltage-gated sodium channels opening
Cardiac action potential: phase 1 - CORRECT-ANSWERSinitial repolarization of cells
voltage gated sodium channels closed
voltage gated potassium channels open
Potassium leaves cell slowly
, Cardiac action potential: phase 2 - CORRECT-ANSWERSplateau phase
voltage gated calcium channels open
influx of calcium into the cell
balances potassium efflux
calcium influx triggers more calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum > myocardial
contraction
Cardiac action potential: phase 3 - CORRECT-ANSWERSRapid Repolarization w/
potassium efflux
voltage gated potassium channels open
voltage gated calcium channels close
Cardiac action potential: phase 4 - CORRECT-ANSWERSresting membrane potential, -
85 mV
High potassium permeability from the potassium channels
Potassium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypokalemia-increased atrial preload leads to 1-3 degree blocks
Hyperkalemia-slows depolarization, leads to sunus bradycardia and junctional rhythm
Calcium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypocalcemia-decreased contractility
