identifying dysrhythmias EXAM 2025/2026 ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | ALREADY PASSED
| 2025 LATEST!!
causes of arrhythmias - ANSWER-HISDEBS: hypoxia,
ischemia/irritability, SNS,
drugs, electrolytes, bradycardia, stretch
(hypertrophy/enlargement)
normal physiological response to stress test -
ANSWER-- incr SNS
- incr
CO
- incr skeletal mm
perfusion
- incr O2
extraction
- decr
PVR
- incr systolic
BP
,stress test - pt preparation - ANSWER-- DC meds which
may interfere (bblockers, CCBs, digoxin, nitrates) - no
food, smoking, drink 2-4 hrs before
- pretest EKG
- pretest BP
stress test - finished when? - ANSWER-1) pt cannot tolerate dt
compliance or
sx
2) 90% of max HR
reached
3) Significant EKG
changes
stress test - positive when? - ANSWER-Horizontal or down-
sloping ST depression (> 1mm & > 0.08 sec); earlier occurrence
in test, more significant; or exercise-induced hypotension,
severe arrhythmia, or areas of heart w/ reduced blood
ST segment elevation - reasons - ANSWER-- With an
evolving infarction
- In Prinzmetal's
angina.
,ST segment depression - ANSWER-- With typical
exertional angina
- In a non-Q wave
infarction.
Also:
- positive stress test. - J point elevation
- Acute pericarditis
- Acute myocarditis
- Hyperkalemia
- Pulmonary embolism (S1Q3)
- Brugada syndrome
- Hypothermia
coronary cath - reasons? - ANSWER-testing & interventions;
can be used w/
balloon angioplasty or
stenting
echocardiogram - ANSWER-Transesophageal or transthoracic -
2D or 3D, Doppler, basically ultrasound of heart; can see
movement of blood, valve regurgitation - can see valves &
cardiomyopathies very well
, Ashman phenomenon - ANSWER-Aberrant conduction of a
supraventricular beat commonly seen in patients with atrial
fibrillation; wide SV beat after a QRS complex that is preceded
by a long pause.
1. BLS: Basic Life support SURVEY ---> Steps 1, 2, 3, 4 ----
>
2. ACLS: Advance cardio life support SURVEY --> "ABCD"
- ANSWER-1. - FUNDAMENTAL to every ACLS
Algorithm is the BLS survey. - The BLS Survey is the
first 4 steps that you will take when treating ANY
emergency situation: THE 4 steps in the BLS Survey:
(1) Check responsiveness
- By tapping and shouting, "Are you all right?"
- Scan x 5-10 sec for absent or abnormal breathing:
I. (+) absent or abnormal breathing ---> 2. CHECK PULSE:
i. (+) PULSE ---> START RESCUE BREATHING
ii. (-) PULSE ---> START CPR ---> AED
(2) Activate the emergency response system:
- Obtain a AED.
(3) Circulation:
- Check for a carotid pulse x 5-10 seconds.
- If (+) pulse: START RESCUE BREATHING
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | ALREADY PASSED
| 2025 LATEST!!
causes of arrhythmias - ANSWER-HISDEBS: hypoxia,
ischemia/irritability, SNS,
drugs, electrolytes, bradycardia, stretch
(hypertrophy/enlargement)
normal physiological response to stress test -
ANSWER-- incr SNS
- incr
CO
- incr skeletal mm
perfusion
- incr O2
extraction
- decr
PVR
- incr systolic
BP
,stress test - pt preparation - ANSWER-- DC meds which
may interfere (bblockers, CCBs, digoxin, nitrates) - no
food, smoking, drink 2-4 hrs before
- pretest EKG
- pretest BP
stress test - finished when? - ANSWER-1) pt cannot tolerate dt
compliance or
sx
2) 90% of max HR
reached
3) Significant EKG
changes
stress test - positive when? - ANSWER-Horizontal or down-
sloping ST depression (> 1mm & > 0.08 sec); earlier occurrence
in test, more significant; or exercise-induced hypotension,
severe arrhythmia, or areas of heart w/ reduced blood
ST segment elevation - reasons - ANSWER-- With an
evolving infarction
- In Prinzmetal's
angina.
,ST segment depression - ANSWER-- With typical
exertional angina
- In a non-Q wave
infarction.
Also:
- positive stress test. - J point elevation
- Acute pericarditis
- Acute myocarditis
- Hyperkalemia
- Pulmonary embolism (S1Q3)
- Brugada syndrome
- Hypothermia
coronary cath - reasons? - ANSWER-testing & interventions;
can be used w/
balloon angioplasty or
stenting
echocardiogram - ANSWER-Transesophageal or transthoracic -
2D or 3D, Doppler, basically ultrasound of heart; can see
movement of blood, valve regurgitation - can see valves &
cardiomyopathies very well
, Ashman phenomenon - ANSWER-Aberrant conduction of a
supraventricular beat commonly seen in patients with atrial
fibrillation; wide SV beat after a QRS complex that is preceded
by a long pause.
1. BLS: Basic Life support SURVEY ---> Steps 1, 2, 3, 4 ----
>
2. ACLS: Advance cardio life support SURVEY --> "ABCD"
- ANSWER-1. - FUNDAMENTAL to every ACLS
Algorithm is the BLS survey. - The BLS Survey is the
first 4 steps that you will take when treating ANY
emergency situation: THE 4 steps in the BLS Survey:
(1) Check responsiveness
- By tapping and shouting, "Are you all right?"
- Scan x 5-10 sec for absent or abnormal breathing:
I. (+) absent or abnormal breathing ---> 2. CHECK PULSE:
i. (+) PULSE ---> START RESCUE BREATHING
ii. (-) PULSE ---> START CPR ---> AED
(2) Activate the emergency response system:
- Obtain a AED.
(3) Circulation:
- Check for a carotid pulse x 5-10 seconds.
- If (+) pulse: START RESCUE BREATHING
