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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
1. An ecosystem is an example of a(n) ______, because energy and matter are freely exchanged at its
boundaries.
a. open system
b. closed system
c. output
d. conceptual model
e. input
ANSWER: a
2. A(n) ______ seeks to explain an observation and must be tested before it can be accepted as true.
a. hypothesis
b. test
c. problem
d. strategy
e. method
ANSWER: a
3. Areas identified by distinctive characteristics that distinguish them from surrounding areas are known
as:
a. ecosystems.
b. regions.
c. systems.
d. locations.
e. patterns.
ANSWER: b
4. A sequence of changes that reinforces the direction of initial change is known as ______ feedback.
a. positive
b. negative
c. neutral
d. spatial
e. static
ANSWER: a
5. The ______ layer in the upper atmosphere protects us by blocking much of the sun’s harmful
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which causes skin cancer and cell mutations.
a. carbon
b. nitrogen
c. ozone
d. chlorofluorocarbon
e. hydrogen
ANSWER: c
6. Natural processes, typically of unusual intensity, that put environments and human life or property at
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
risk of damage or destruction are called:
a. environmental degradation.
b. pollution.
c. natural hazards.
d. natural resources.
e. negative feedback.
ANSWER: c
7. Why are human-environment interactions considered two-way relationships?
a. Both humans and the environment mutually benefit from the relationship.
b. The environment influences human activities and human activities affect the environment.
c. Humans affect the environment in two major ways, through environmental degradation and
pollution.
d. The environment affects human activities only when it responds to the negative effects of
environmental degradation and pollution.
e. Human-environment interactions are better described as one-way relationships. Sometimes the
environment affects human activity and other times humans affect the environment, but this
never occurs simultaneously.
ANSWER: b
8. Which of the following is an example of a holistic approach?
a. A geographer studying habitat loss in a region has considered all the factors when forming
their hypothesis, including human and environmental ones.
b. A mathematician focuses specifically on the statistics and trends of a specific issue.
c. A meteorologist studying the current changes in weather occurring in a region only considers
atmospheric changes.
d. A physicist looks at the physical aspects of a phenomena but does not consider the human or
societal components.
e. Geologists searching for natural resources identify a particular area with an abundance of
valuable minerals. They decide to start mining in this area, but do not consider how their
mining activity affects the surrounding communities.
ANSWER: a
9. The art of making maps is called:
a. cartography.
b. mental mapping.
c. modeling.
d. remote sensing.
e. ecology.
ANSWER: a
10. A coordinate system can be used to identify a(n):
a. absolute location.
b. relative location.
c. spatial interaction.
d. characteristic of place.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
e. ecosystem.
ANSWER: a
11. A world globe, or a three-dimensional replica of planet Earth, is an example of a(n) ______ model.
a. physical
b. conceptual
c. mental
d. dynamic
e. political
ANSWER: a
12. Which of the following is not one of Earth’s four major subsystems?
a. atmosphere
b. hydrosphere
c. lithosphere
d. biosphere
e. ionosphere
ANSWER: e
13. Which topic would a human geographer be most interested in researching?
a. the formation of Earth’s landforms
b. the spread of ideas and culture across a population
c. the interaction between humans and the environment
d. using models to predict changes in the Earth’s atmosphere
e. wildlife migration patterns
ANSWER: b
14. The study of landforms and their development is called:
a. geomorphology.
b. biology.
c. mathematics.
d. ecology.
e. meteorology.
ANSWER: a
15. An undesirable or unhealthy contaminant in an environment is called:
a. a natural hazard.
b. pollution.
c. a location.
d. negative feedback.
e. input.
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
16. Which of the following would be an example of pollution?
a. Excess rainfall leads to severe flooding and property damage along a river.
b. A hurricane causes major devastation along a coastal town.
c. A river is artificially straightened by humans.
d. Human use of chlorofluorocarbons leads to a buildup of CFCs in the atmosphere.
e. Water in a reservoir evaporates into the atmosphere.
ANSWER: d
17. Which is the best example of a spatial interaction?
a. Pikes Peak, a well-known mountain in the Rocky Mountains, is located about 22 miles west of
the city of Colorado Springs.
b. A heavy thunderstorm hits Minnesota, which contains the headwaters for the Mississippi
River. The excess rainfall in Minnesota causes severe flooding along the Mississippi River in
Missouri.
c. A large fire completely burns down all the trees and vegetation in a forest. The forest slowly
recovers from the fire, and the reestablishment of plant and animal communities occurs over
time.
d. The North American Great Plains contain a distinct mixture of vegetation, climate, and
wildlife. The area also has a unique human culture and is categorized as a region. The
distinctiveness of this region can be seen when comparing it to other grassland regions around
the world.
e. New York City is located at 40.7128° N, 74.0060° W, while Washington D.C. is located at
38.9072° N, 77.0369° W.
ANSWER: b
18. Which of the following is an example of sustainability?
a. removing pollution from a water body such as a lake
b. harvesting just enough fish from a lake so that the fish population is fully replenished in a year
c. restoring a previously disturbed ecosystem
d. growing more and more crops on a farm each year until the soil can no longer support plant
growth
e. rebuilding a community that was destroyed by a natural disaster
ANSWER: b
19. What information can be derived specifically from the use of GPS?
a. change over time
b. absolute location
c. characteristics of places
d. local weather
e. human-environment interaction
ANSWER: b
20. Why is physical geography a key component of our daily lives?
a. It helps us understand our natural habitat.
b. It helps us determine if we are paying too much for car insurance.
c. It explains how ideas such as culture and religion spread.
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Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
d. It can predict future outcomes of the stock market.
e. Physical geography does not play a part in our daily lives.
ANSWER: a
21. Which of the below examples would not constitute a “region”?
a. the Rocky Mountains
b. Texas
c. 40°43'43.83"N, 105° 8'23.89"W
d. Eastern Europe
e. the Sahara Desert
ANSWER: c
22. What do all three of the major perspectives of physical geography share?
a. a focus on environmental sustainability
b. use of the scientific method for guiding research
c. emphasis on the Earth’s internal structure
d. studying the impact that humans have on the environment
e. concentrating on human phenomena such as urbanization and population
ANSWER: b
23. What is the first step of the scientific method?
a. Note an observation that requires an explanation.
b. State the observation in the form of a testable hypothesis.
c. Apply a strategy to test the validity of the hypothesis.
d. Reject your hypothesis based on your test results.
e. Devise a strategy for testing the hypothesis.
ANSWER: a
24. Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?
a. Why are lakes at higher elevations colder than lakes at lower elevations?
b. Lakes at higher elevations are colder because the overall climate is colder.
c. The temperature of Lake A is 38° F.
d. Some lakes are cold, and others are not. There is no pattern or relationship to other factors that
we can derive.
e. The temperature at several lakes will be gathered with a thermometer.
ANSWER: b
25. Looking at a population density map of the United States would be observing what spatial
characteristic?
a. spatial distribution
b. spatial scale
c. absolute location
d. change over time
e. spatial interaction
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ANSWER: a
26. What is sustainability?
a. using less or an equal amount of a resource in a year than its annual renewal, growth, or
replacement
b. using more of a resource in a year than its annual renewal, growth, or replacement
c. environmental damage caused by human activities
d. any natural process that puts environments and human life or property at risk of damage or
destruction
e. a process for developing valid explanations for observed phenomena
ANSWER: a
27. What type of educational background would best benefit someone who will be using maps, location,
and spatial data to solve world problems?
a. biology
b. geology
c. geography
d. mathematics
e. economics
ANSWER: c
28. How do you describe a “region”?
a. an area identified by distinctive characteristics that distinguish them from surrounding areas
b. any organized entity that consists of interrelated and interacting components
c. a location with a precise GPS coordinate
d. any landform or process occurring on Earth’s surface
e. a source of geographic data which displays the results of geographic analysis
ANSWER: a
29. What is a remotely controlled aerial vehicle capable of capturing geographic data?
a. drone
b. helicopter
c. GPS
d. airplane
e. tablet
ANSWER: a
30. What is one common use of satellite imagery?
a. recording atmospheric temperatures
b. observing changes on the Earth’s surface
c. tracking seismic activity in a particular location
d. measuring precise latitude and longitude coordinates
e. calculating changes in water quality
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
31. What is an ecosystem?
a. a gaseous blanket of air that envelops, shields, and insulates Earth
b. a collection of landforms, minerals, rocks, and soils
c. all the waters in an area, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and glaciers
d. a community of organisms and the relationships of those organisms to one another and to their
environment
e. an area identified by distinct characteristics that distinguish them from surrounding
environments
ANSWER: d
32. What do physical geography and human geography have in common?
a. Both are holistic in their approach and emphasize the spatial aspects of phenomena.
b. Both focus on the nature of human generated phenomena.
c. Both disciplines are interested in averages and extremes of long-term weather data.
d. Both study the geographic ranges and distribution patterns of plant and animal species.
e. There are no easily identifiable commonalities between physical geography and human
geography.
ANSWER: a
33. What information would you need to accept a hypothesis that you have proposed if you are following
the scientific method?
a. valid data that supports your hypothesis
b. an observation that is easily explained by your hypothesis
c. an alternate hypothesis that directly contradicts your first hypothesis
d. a test designed to gather data that will support your hypothesis
e. valid data that does not support your hypothesis
ANSWER: a
34. Which is an example of a natural hazard?
a. a lake becomes severely polluted from nearby mining activity
b. a riverfront community is destroyed from severe flooding due to heavy rainfall
c. a human-engineered dam fails and causes massive flooding downstream
d. unsustainable farming practices cause widespread soil loss in an area
e. acid rain caused from pollution damages nearby forests and kills fish in local freshwater lakes
ANSWER: b
35. What makes a natural resource “nonrenewable”?
a. It regenerates much slower than the rate of consumption.
b. It does not have any value or use by humans.
c. It cannot be abused, wasted, or exhausted.
d. It can only been depleted at a local or regional scale.
e. It regenerates quickly enough to be consumed at a rapid rate.
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 01 - Physical Geography: Physical, Spatial, and Environmental Science
36. The human body is like Earth in that it is a system with inputs and outputs of energy and matter.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
37. Geographers tend to observe phenomena at a global scale.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
38. Geography is considered a spatial discipline because geographers gather most of their data from
space, such as imagery from satellites.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
39. Satellites have only been acquiring imagery of Earth for about 10 years, so the information that they
can provide about Earth’s surface is very limited.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
40. A nighttime satellite image showing the lights from urban areas is a great way to observe spatial
distribution and pattern.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
41. The absolute location of a point can be used to identify specific characteristics of the surrounding
region.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
42. The Earth system is static, meaning that is does not change and remains constant.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
43. Human geographers do not use a holistic approach in solving problems, because they are specifically
focused on the human aspects of spatial problems.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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