BIOLOGY PRAXIS II 5235 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
taxonomy categories in order? - Correct Answers -Domain, kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus, species
Did King Phillip Cry Out "For Goodness Sakes!"
human taxonomic levels? - Correct Answers -Animalia, chordata, Mammalia, primatae,
hominidae, homo sapiens
"All cool men prefer heavy sideburns"
phases of mitosis? - Correct Answers -Interphase, prophase metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
I-PMAT
7 characteristics of all animals? - Correct Answers -movement, reproduction, sensitivity,
growth, respiration, excretion, nutrition
MRS GREN
cation verses anion? - Correct Answers -Cations are PAWsitive, anion stands for "a
negative ion"
what do cells do in a hypotonic solution? - Correct Answers -In a hypOtonic solution, the
cell will swell up like an "O"
when a cell is in a hypERRRRtonic solution, it shrivels and moans "ERRRRRR
OIL RIG? - Correct Answers -Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain
What are the six stages of fertilization? - Correct Answers -Contact, Entry, Blocks to
polyspermy, Activation of cell, restart of Mitosis, and Amphimixis
seeds enclosed in gymno or angiosperms? - Correct Answers -enclosed in fruits in
angiosperms, naked (open) in gymnosperms
,heterosporous? - Correct Answers -seed plants are heterosporous (produce pollen and
ova) and spore plants are homosporous (1 type of spore)
male plant parts? - Correct Answers -stamen, anther, filament
NADPH or NADP is in photosynthesis? - Correct Answers -NADPH - P stands for
photosynthesis
hypertonic solution? - Correct Answers -high concentration of solutes in proportion to
solvent
think: lots of sugar makes you hyper
which bases are pyrimidines? - Correct Answers -Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine are
PYrimidines because you CUT a pie and are a single ring like a pie
INtrons verses EXtrons in gene expression? - Correct Answers -Introns are "IN THE
WAY" and need to be removed; EXtrons are Expressed
what does phloem transport? - Correct Answers -Ph stands for food - phloem transports
food and flows down from the leaves
11 human body systems? - Correct Answers -SLIC MEN R RED
Skeletal
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Circulatory
Muscular
Endocrine
Nervous
Respiratory
Reproductive
Excretory
Digestive
mammalian vertebrate from top to bottom? - Correct Answers -7 - 12- 5 - 1 - 1
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar
and then of course, it's 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
biological redox reactions? - Correct Answers -oxidation is usually accompanied by a
loss of protons (hydrogen ions) and reduction is accompanied by a gain of protons
cellular respiration mnemonic? - Correct Answers -Glycolysis slits carbs into PYs
(pyruvates) to make lemon Krapes (citric acid cycle aka krebs cycle) and lots of ATP; in
the ETC, oxygen accepts tired H+ and forms water
,glycolysis summary? - Correct Answers -Glucose splits into two molecules of a 3-C
sugar (in cytoplasm). In the process, 2 ATP, 2 pyruvic acid and 2 NADH are produced
(final e' acceptor). Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of
oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. Without oxygen, glycolysis
allows cells to make small amounts of ATP. This process is called fermentation.
Krebs cycle summary? - Correct Answers -mnemonic: Kreb kills carbs and loves
lemons; and he lives in the mitochondria matrix. Forms NADH, ATP and FADH2 and
spits out CO2.
-pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA. Through a series of intermediate steps, several
compounds capable of storing "high energy" e's are produced along with 2 ATP. These
compounds, (NAD) and (FAD), are reduced in the process. These reduced forms carry
the "high energy" e's to the ETC. The Citric Acid Cycle occurs only when oxygen is
present but it doesn't use oxygen directly.
what are major molecules in Krebs cycle? - Correct Answers -PACO = pyruvate to
Acetyl CoA to citric Acid to oxaloacetic acid
ETC of cellular respiration and role of oxygen in cellular respiration? - Correct Answers -
Electron Transport requires oxygen directly. The ETC is a series of e' carriers in the
membrane of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Through a series of reactions, the
"high energy" e's are passed to oxygen. In the process, a gradient is formed, and
ultimately ATP is produced.
-Oxygen accepts de-energized Hydrogens and forms water
Universal Blood Recipient? - Correct Answers -AB can get Anybody's Blood
-transfusion of any blood type possible because AB blood lacks antibodies for A and B
order of white blood cells from most abundant to least abundant? - Correct Answers -
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS
Universal dONor? - Correct Answers -type O blood is the universal dOnOr
purpose of light reactions of photosynthesis? - Correct Answers -Make ATP and
NADPH+ that will energize the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) which is when glucose is
formed from carbon dioxide molecules
where do light reactions take place in the chloroplast? - Correct Answers -on the
thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
, light reactions summary? - Correct Answers -1.Light reactions occur on the membranes
of thylakoids
2.Photon absorbed by psII (P680 - chlorophyll b)
3.E excites an e' that is passed from e'-accepting molecule to molecule (ETC) until it
reaches PSI
4.The lost e' in PSII is replaced by photolysis - splitting of water into H+ and O - the H+'s
are kept inside the thylakoid and the O bonds with another O and is released as O2
5.As the e' travels down the ETC (or electron transport system) H+'s are pumped into
the thylakoid
6.Electron from PSII eventually reaches PSI (P700 - chlorophyll a) where it is excited by
another photon; the e' travels down the ETC and converts NADP+ to become NADPH
7.Also, H+ from the photolysis of water are used to generate ATP
Photolysis of water in light reactions? - Correct Answers -2H2O --> 4 e' (replace lost
ones in PSII) + 4H+ + 2O
Oxidation and reduction of PSII? - Correct Answers -PSII is oxidized when it loses its e'
and then PSII is reduced when it retrieves an electron from water which returns PSII to
its unexcited state.
Relation btw ETC and Redox? - Correct Answers -The ETC is a series of oxidation-
reduction reactions --> molecule is reduced by gaining the e' and then the molecule is
quickly oxidized by it losing the e'; the reduced molecule becomes the reducing agent
for the next molecule.
Role of plastoquinone (PQ) in the light reactions? - Correct Answers -PQ's job is to
bond with 2H+ in order to move the 2H+ ions from the stroma to the lumen inside the
chloroplast. The e' from PSII is passed to PQ and PQ bonds with the 2H+ and then this
bigger molecule diffuses through the thylakoid membrane and passes the e's to the next
acceptor in the ETC (cytochrome b6f complex); the 2H+ are released into the lumen
(cavity of the thylakoid membrane - think of thylakoid as flattened penne pasta)
So...PQ moves H+'s from the stroma into the lumen - space within the thylakoid, AKA
H+ pumping!
What molecule transfers e's from PSII to PS1? - Correct Answers -Cytochrome b6f
complex, a pigment embedded in the thylakoid membrane, accepts the 2 e's from PQ;
this occurs after PQ releases the 2H+'s into the lumen that it pulled out of the stroma.
Cytochrome b6f complex passes the e's to plastocyanin.
What is the ONLY biological molecule capable of oxidizing water? - Correct Answers -
PSII - the e's produced by the oxidation of water supply a steady source of e's for PSII!
What is the antenna complex of the light reactions? - Correct Answers -The
conglomeration of pigment molecules and the "reaction center" which is where the
photon is ultimately absorbed by an e'
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
taxonomy categories in order? - Correct Answers -Domain, kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus, species
Did King Phillip Cry Out "For Goodness Sakes!"
human taxonomic levels? - Correct Answers -Animalia, chordata, Mammalia, primatae,
hominidae, homo sapiens
"All cool men prefer heavy sideburns"
phases of mitosis? - Correct Answers -Interphase, prophase metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
I-PMAT
7 characteristics of all animals? - Correct Answers -movement, reproduction, sensitivity,
growth, respiration, excretion, nutrition
MRS GREN
cation verses anion? - Correct Answers -Cations are PAWsitive, anion stands for "a
negative ion"
what do cells do in a hypotonic solution? - Correct Answers -In a hypOtonic solution, the
cell will swell up like an "O"
when a cell is in a hypERRRRtonic solution, it shrivels and moans "ERRRRRR
OIL RIG? - Correct Answers -Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain
What are the six stages of fertilization? - Correct Answers -Contact, Entry, Blocks to
polyspermy, Activation of cell, restart of Mitosis, and Amphimixis
seeds enclosed in gymno or angiosperms? - Correct Answers -enclosed in fruits in
angiosperms, naked (open) in gymnosperms
,heterosporous? - Correct Answers -seed plants are heterosporous (produce pollen and
ova) and spore plants are homosporous (1 type of spore)
male plant parts? - Correct Answers -stamen, anther, filament
NADPH or NADP is in photosynthesis? - Correct Answers -NADPH - P stands for
photosynthesis
hypertonic solution? - Correct Answers -high concentration of solutes in proportion to
solvent
think: lots of sugar makes you hyper
which bases are pyrimidines? - Correct Answers -Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine are
PYrimidines because you CUT a pie and are a single ring like a pie
INtrons verses EXtrons in gene expression? - Correct Answers -Introns are "IN THE
WAY" and need to be removed; EXtrons are Expressed
what does phloem transport? - Correct Answers -Ph stands for food - phloem transports
food and flows down from the leaves
11 human body systems? - Correct Answers -SLIC MEN R RED
Skeletal
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Circulatory
Muscular
Endocrine
Nervous
Respiratory
Reproductive
Excretory
Digestive
mammalian vertebrate from top to bottom? - Correct Answers -7 - 12- 5 - 1 - 1
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar
and then of course, it's 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
biological redox reactions? - Correct Answers -oxidation is usually accompanied by a
loss of protons (hydrogen ions) and reduction is accompanied by a gain of protons
cellular respiration mnemonic? - Correct Answers -Glycolysis slits carbs into PYs
(pyruvates) to make lemon Krapes (citric acid cycle aka krebs cycle) and lots of ATP; in
the ETC, oxygen accepts tired H+ and forms water
,glycolysis summary? - Correct Answers -Glucose splits into two molecules of a 3-C
sugar (in cytoplasm). In the process, 2 ATP, 2 pyruvic acid and 2 NADH are produced
(final e' acceptor). Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of
oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. Without oxygen, glycolysis
allows cells to make small amounts of ATP. This process is called fermentation.
Krebs cycle summary? - Correct Answers -mnemonic: Kreb kills carbs and loves
lemons; and he lives in the mitochondria matrix. Forms NADH, ATP and FADH2 and
spits out CO2.
-pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA. Through a series of intermediate steps, several
compounds capable of storing "high energy" e's are produced along with 2 ATP. These
compounds, (NAD) and (FAD), are reduced in the process. These reduced forms carry
the "high energy" e's to the ETC. The Citric Acid Cycle occurs only when oxygen is
present but it doesn't use oxygen directly.
what are major molecules in Krebs cycle? - Correct Answers -PACO = pyruvate to
Acetyl CoA to citric Acid to oxaloacetic acid
ETC of cellular respiration and role of oxygen in cellular respiration? - Correct Answers -
Electron Transport requires oxygen directly. The ETC is a series of e' carriers in the
membrane of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Through a series of reactions, the
"high energy" e's are passed to oxygen. In the process, a gradient is formed, and
ultimately ATP is produced.
-Oxygen accepts de-energized Hydrogens and forms water
Universal Blood Recipient? - Correct Answers -AB can get Anybody's Blood
-transfusion of any blood type possible because AB blood lacks antibodies for A and B
order of white blood cells from most abundant to least abundant? - Correct Answers -
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS
Universal dONor? - Correct Answers -type O blood is the universal dOnOr
purpose of light reactions of photosynthesis? - Correct Answers -Make ATP and
NADPH+ that will energize the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) which is when glucose is
formed from carbon dioxide molecules
where do light reactions take place in the chloroplast? - Correct Answers -on the
thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
, light reactions summary? - Correct Answers -1.Light reactions occur on the membranes
of thylakoids
2.Photon absorbed by psII (P680 - chlorophyll b)
3.E excites an e' that is passed from e'-accepting molecule to molecule (ETC) until it
reaches PSI
4.The lost e' in PSII is replaced by photolysis - splitting of water into H+ and O - the H+'s
are kept inside the thylakoid and the O bonds with another O and is released as O2
5.As the e' travels down the ETC (or electron transport system) H+'s are pumped into
the thylakoid
6.Electron from PSII eventually reaches PSI (P700 - chlorophyll a) where it is excited by
another photon; the e' travels down the ETC and converts NADP+ to become NADPH
7.Also, H+ from the photolysis of water are used to generate ATP
Photolysis of water in light reactions? - Correct Answers -2H2O --> 4 e' (replace lost
ones in PSII) + 4H+ + 2O
Oxidation and reduction of PSII? - Correct Answers -PSII is oxidized when it loses its e'
and then PSII is reduced when it retrieves an electron from water which returns PSII to
its unexcited state.
Relation btw ETC and Redox? - Correct Answers -The ETC is a series of oxidation-
reduction reactions --> molecule is reduced by gaining the e' and then the molecule is
quickly oxidized by it losing the e'; the reduced molecule becomes the reducing agent
for the next molecule.
Role of plastoquinone (PQ) in the light reactions? - Correct Answers -PQ's job is to
bond with 2H+ in order to move the 2H+ ions from the stroma to the lumen inside the
chloroplast. The e' from PSII is passed to PQ and PQ bonds with the 2H+ and then this
bigger molecule diffuses through the thylakoid membrane and passes the e's to the next
acceptor in the ETC (cytochrome b6f complex); the 2H+ are released into the lumen
(cavity of the thylakoid membrane - think of thylakoid as flattened penne pasta)
So...PQ moves H+'s from the stroma into the lumen - space within the thylakoid, AKA
H+ pumping!
What molecule transfers e's from PSII to PS1? - Correct Answers -Cytochrome b6f
complex, a pigment embedded in the thylakoid membrane, accepts the 2 e's from PQ;
this occurs after PQ releases the 2H+'s into the lumen that it pulled out of the stroma.
Cytochrome b6f complex passes the e's to plastocyanin.
What is the ONLY biological molecule capable of oxidizing water? - Correct Answers -
PSII - the e's produced by the oxidation of water supply a steady source of e's for PSII!
What is the antenna complex of the light reactions? - Correct Answers -The
conglomeration of pigment molecules and the "reaction center" which is where the
photon is ultimately absorbed by an e'
