REVIEW OF ETHICS PHI 101 EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
M1 Some individuals perceive homosexuality as being abnormal and immoral based on the
________ theory of the origin of morality. - ANS natural law
M1 The idea that an individual will receive some form of eternal life as a reward for living
according to a set of religious laws is an example of a ________ theory of the origin of morality.
- ANS supernatural
M1 Of the following, which is the LEAST representative of an objective source from which
morality originates? - ANS Morality is the result of a conscious being attributing value to
something.
M1 The analysis of the logic of language used in ethical discourse is called __ -
ANS metaethics
M1 Drawing conclusions about how humans act in a situation based on careful observation
illustrates the ________ approach to studying morality. - ANS descriptive
M1 When using a value judgment to determine whether it is ever moral for one human to kill
another human, which approach would be utilized? - ANS philosophical
M1 Tasteful behavior, such as covering one's mouth when yawning, falls under the classification
of ___ - ANS proper etiquette
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,M1 Which of the following is an example of nonmoral behavior? - ANS driving a car well
M1 Mary needs to do well on an exam in order to pass a class and obtain her degree. She has
figured out a way to cheat on her exam, but in order to do so she must break into a building on
campus at night. Mary is worried that she might get caught and charged with several crimes, so
she decides not to cheat. Mary's decision not to cheat is motivated by ________ reasons. -
ANS legal
M1 Mike enjoys driving his car as fast as he can, often at speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour.
However, he only does this when he is alone in the car, there are no other cars around, and
there are no turns or hills on the road for several miles. Mike's fast driving behavior is an
example of the divergence of morality and the law because ________. - ANS Mike is breaking
the law by speeding, but his behavior is not necessarily immoral
M1 A general ethical system could provide a better foundation for ethics than religion because
________ - ANS it avoids conflicts about which religion is correct and includes prescriptive
ethics
M1 Kohlberg's theory of moral development can be summarized as an ethical theory _____ -
ANS that sets up three distinct levels of moral thinking
M1 The idea of enlightened self-interest supports the view that humans should be moral
because ___ - ANS it is to our benefit to live together in peace and harmony
M1 Adherence to moral codes promotes all of the following EXCEPT ___ - ANS assured
financial gain
M1 A commonly accepted view is that humans should be moral because _____ -
ANS morality promotes peace, happiness, creativity, and meaning
M2 Which statement best describes psychological egoism? - ANS Psychological egoism is an
empirical approach grounded in observation.
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, M2 Which of the following best describes the strong form of psychological egoism? -
ANS Human beings always act in their own self-interest.
M2 The weak form of psychological egoism maintains that people __ - ANS may not always
act in their own self-interest
M2 An advantage of ethical egoism is it ___ - ANS is much easier to establish one's own best
interest as opposed to determining the best interest of others
M2 The various forms of ethical egoism differ with respect to ____ - ANS who ought to do
the ethical act and whose self-interest is important
M2 Which of the following is NOT a form of ethical egoism? - ANS majority ethical egoism
M2 Which of the following questions does NOT pose a challenge to rule utilitarianism? -
ANS Should experience and careful reasoning be used to establish a rule for a particular
situation?
M2 One criticism that only applies to act utilitarianism, as opposed to rule utilitarianism, is ____
- ANS the difficulty of educating the young
M2 One main difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism is that in __ -
ANS rule utilitarianism the individual does not need to evaluate each situation
M2 Psychological egoism is a ________ ethical system, whereas ethical egoism is a(n) ________
ethical system. - ANS descriptive, normative
M2 Which statement BEST describes ethical egoism? - ANS Ethical egoism describes how
people ought to act.
3 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
M1 Some individuals perceive homosexuality as being abnormal and immoral based on the
________ theory of the origin of morality. - ANS natural law
M1 The idea that an individual will receive some form of eternal life as a reward for living
according to a set of religious laws is an example of a ________ theory of the origin of morality.
- ANS supernatural
M1 Of the following, which is the LEAST representative of an objective source from which
morality originates? - ANS Morality is the result of a conscious being attributing value to
something.
M1 The analysis of the logic of language used in ethical discourse is called __ -
ANS metaethics
M1 Drawing conclusions about how humans act in a situation based on careful observation
illustrates the ________ approach to studying morality. - ANS descriptive
M1 When using a value judgment to determine whether it is ever moral for one human to kill
another human, which approach would be utilized? - ANS philosophical
M1 Tasteful behavior, such as covering one's mouth when yawning, falls under the classification
of ___ - ANS proper etiquette
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,M1 Which of the following is an example of nonmoral behavior? - ANS driving a car well
M1 Mary needs to do well on an exam in order to pass a class and obtain her degree. She has
figured out a way to cheat on her exam, but in order to do so she must break into a building on
campus at night. Mary is worried that she might get caught and charged with several crimes, so
she decides not to cheat. Mary's decision not to cheat is motivated by ________ reasons. -
ANS legal
M1 Mike enjoys driving his car as fast as he can, often at speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour.
However, he only does this when he is alone in the car, there are no other cars around, and
there are no turns or hills on the road for several miles. Mike's fast driving behavior is an
example of the divergence of morality and the law because ________. - ANS Mike is breaking
the law by speeding, but his behavior is not necessarily immoral
M1 A general ethical system could provide a better foundation for ethics than religion because
________ - ANS it avoids conflicts about which religion is correct and includes prescriptive
ethics
M1 Kohlberg's theory of moral development can be summarized as an ethical theory _____ -
ANS that sets up three distinct levels of moral thinking
M1 The idea of enlightened self-interest supports the view that humans should be moral
because ___ - ANS it is to our benefit to live together in peace and harmony
M1 Adherence to moral codes promotes all of the following EXCEPT ___ - ANS assured
financial gain
M1 A commonly accepted view is that humans should be moral because _____ -
ANS morality promotes peace, happiness, creativity, and meaning
M2 Which statement best describes psychological egoism? - ANS Psychological egoism is an
empirical approach grounded in observation.
2 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, M2 Which of the following best describes the strong form of psychological egoism? -
ANS Human beings always act in their own self-interest.
M2 The weak form of psychological egoism maintains that people __ - ANS may not always
act in their own self-interest
M2 An advantage of ethical egoism is it ___ - ANS is much easier to establish one's own best
interest as opposed to determining the best interest of others
M2 The various forms of ethical egoism differ with respect to ____ - ANS who ought to do
the ethical act and whose self-interest is important
M2 Which of the following is NOT a form of ethical egoism? - ANS majority ethical egoism
M2 Which of the following questions does NOT pose a challenge to rule utilitarianism? -
ANS Should experience and careful reasoning be used to establish a rule for a particular
situation?
M2 One criticism that only applies to act utilitarianism, as opposed to rule utilitarianism, is ____
- ANS the difficulty of educating the young
M2 One main difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism is that in __ -
ANS rule utilitarianism the individual does not need to evaluate each situation
M2 Psychological egoism is a ________ ethical system, whereas ethical egoism is a(n) ________
ethical system. - ANS descriptive, normative
M2 Which statement BEST describes ethical egoism? - ANS Ethical egoism describes how
people ought to act.
3 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
