, TESTBANK for PSYCH , 7th Edition Spencer A.
Rathus
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
1. Ravi is unable to choose the right career path after completing his college education. He plans to visit a
psychologist who might help him find the right career. In this scenario, Ravi is most likely to visit a
human factors psychologist.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. Structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate
stimuli into meaningful patterns.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
3. Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. John B. Watson developed the social-cognitive perspective, arguing for the influence of social factors
over cognition
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought
processes in terms of basic units.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. Jalen wondered how many blueberries are necessary for the perfect-tasting pancake. In this example,
changing the number of blueberries would be considered the dependent variable.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. In the 1940s and 1950s, psychodynamic theory dominated the practice of psychotherapy.
a. True
b. False
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
ANSWER: True
9. According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior
patterns survive.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
10. According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be
harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. In the context of psychological research, debriefing is the process of explaining the purposes and
methods of a completed procedure to a participant.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
12. Many case studies are clinical; that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and
how a psychologist treated them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. A sample consists of multiple populations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. In a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine
while another group is not. The latter would be considered an experimental group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. Psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
16. Paulina is a kindergarten teacher. Every time one of her students answers correctly during her
alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "Well done" and "Keep it up." Her behavior exemplifies
reinforcement.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
17. Correlations allow us to determine causality.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
18. Structuralists tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the
requirements of their lives?"
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Sociocultural psychologists study those things we refer to as the mind.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
20. As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so
that its effects may be determined.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
21. Which of the following psychologists might treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys
on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders’ behavior and mental processes?
a. forensic psychologists
b. clinical psychologists
c. personality psychologists
d. experimental psychologists
ANSWER: a
22. Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?
a. In the experimental method of research, participants in control groups obtain the treatment
being tested.
b. The experimental method fails to answer questions about cause and effect.
c. In the experimental method of research, participants in experimental groups do not obtain the
treatment being tested.
d. The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and
draw conclusions about cause and effect.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
23. A person in which field primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work?
a. industrial psychologist
b. human factors psychologist
c. forensic psychologist
d. consumer psychologist
ANSWER: a
24. Since 15 percent of a university is comprised of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was
chosen in such a way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be
an example of a ________.
a. random sample
b. static sample
c. crowd sample
d. stratified sample
ANSWER: c
25. Which of the following is a typical characteristic of biologically-oriented psychologists?
a. They believe that self-awareness, experience, and choice permit us to invent ourselves and our
ways of relating to the world as we progress through life.
b. They study the influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior
and mental processes.
c. They investigate the ways we perceive and mentally represent the world, remember the past,
plan for the future, solve problems, form judgments, make decisions, and use language.
d. They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological
disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.
ANSWER: d
26. Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?
a. Counseling psychologists deal exclusively with clients who suffer from serious psychological
disorders.
b. Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior.
c. School psychologists focus on planning instructional methods for a school system rather than
on individual children.
d. Health psychologists apply psychology to the criminal justice system.
ANSWER: b
27. Who was a founder of the school of functionalism?
a. B. F. Skinner
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. William James
d. Kurt Koffka
ANSWER: c
28. In every experiment, what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not is called the
________.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. dependent variable
b. confounding variable
c. correlation coefficient
d. stratified sample
ANSWER: a
29. Which of the following is a drawback of case studies?
a. Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations.
b. Case studies are not descriptive and hence do not offer substantial information about
participants.
c. Interviewers are required to disclose personal information about clients.
d. Case studies do not collect information about small groups.
ANSWER: a
30. Ned is feeling stressed because of his workload at the office. He is also experiencing insomnia with
rapid weight loss. What kind of correlation is there between Ned’s stress and the amount of sleep he gets?
a. horizontal
b. negative
c. lateral
d. positive
ANSWER: b
31. As discussed in your text, the Literary Digest incorrectly predicted Alf Landon to win the 1936
presidential election over Franklin D. Roosevelt. What is believed to be the primary source of their error?
a. the control group
b. the dependent variable
c. the placebo group
d. the sample
ANSWER: d
32. Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology?
a. He held that people's behavior should be analyzed subjectively and not objectively.
b. He suggested that one could think of behavior in terms of a body and a mind.
c. He argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws.
d. He pointed out that people's behavior is solely influenced by external stimulation.
ANSWER: c
33. Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He
strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones,
heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?
a. psychodynamic
b. cognitive
c. biological
d. humanistic–existential
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
ANSWER: c
34. Identify a true statement about social–cognitive theorists.
a. They believe that people are typically good and are predisposed to exhibit ethical conduct.
b. They note that people engage in intentional learning by observing others.
c. They define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental
processes.
d. They believe that human social behavior is solely based on hereditary principles.
ANSWER: b
35. Functionalism was influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution which ________.
a. accepted the belief of random mutations
b. considered humans as another form of animal
c. believed adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained
d. stated it takes thousands of years for species to evolve
ANSWER: b
36. Wilhelm Wundt used which method to try to discover the basic elements of experience?
a. introspection
b. reinforcement
c. psychoanalysis
d. existentialism
ANSWER: a
37. Famous neoanalysts such as Karen Horney and Erik Erikson differ from earlier psychodynamic
practitioners in that they ________.
a. emphasized on environmental influences and the learning of habits through repetition
b. focused less on unconscious processes and more on conscious choice and self-direction
c. focused on the evolution of behavior in order to understand the human psyche
d. believed that people perceive separate pieces of information as integrated wholes
ANSWER: b
38. Which of the following are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have
adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in
college, but not serious psychological disorders?
a. personality psychologists
b. organizational psychologists
c. developmental psychologists
d. counseling psychologists
ANSWER: d
39. Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs
to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she
has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the
required information?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. the survey method
b. the placebo method
c. naturalistic observation
d. the experimental method
ANSWER: a
40. Which of the following statements is true of William James's contribution to psychology?
a. He argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous.
b. He theorized that experience can be broken down into objective sensations and subjective
feelings.
c. He pointed out that people were social creatures who influenced one another.
d. He believed that organisms learn to behave only through reinforcement.
ANSWER: a
41. In Gestalt psychology, learning, especially problem solving, is accomplished primarily by ________.
a. repetition
b. insight
c. continuous practice
d. mechanical reinforcement
ANSWER: b
42. While industrial psychologists focus on the relationships between people and work, the behavior of
people in workplaces such as businesses is studied by which of these fields?
a. organizational psychologists
b. forensic psychologists
c. developmental psychologists
d. personality psychologists
ANSWER: a
43. According to the psychoanalytic approach, a good majority of what influences our behavior is
________.
a. an emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts
b. equally divided up between our objective sensations and subjective feelings
c. how we were reinforced as young adults, and how that affects behavior choices
d. our drive towards self-actualization and how we choose to pursue it
ANSWER: a
44. Social-cognitive theorists ________.
a. suggest that people can modify and create their environments
b. primarily emphasize environmental influences and the learning of habits through repetition
c. primarily emphasize environmental influences and the learning of habits through
reinforcement
d. suggest that people cannot engage in intentional learning
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
45. Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?
a. formulating a research question
b. testing a hypothesis
c. calculating correlations
d. modifying theories
ANSWER: a
46. Which of the following is a complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn
for an experiment?
a. random sample
b. segment
c. population
d. stratified sample
ANSWER: c
47. The construction of a factory near Valley Mont Elementary School adversely affected the
concentration of the students in the school. In order to help the students cope with this problem, the
principal of the school invited a psychologist who was experienced in dealing with humans and their
interactions with their surroundings. Which field would this psychologist most likely study?
a. forensic psychology
b. social psychology
c. environmental psychology
d. industrial psychology
ANSWER: c
48. Which of the following is true of B. F. Skinner's contribution to behaviorism?
a. He believed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced
for doing so.
b. He focused on the relation between conscious experience and behavior in shaping the human
psyche.
c. He used introspection to try to discover the basic elements of experience that influenced
human behavior.
d. He stated that psychology should be defined as the study of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: a
49. One of the advantages of which method is that by distributing questionnaires and analyzing answers
with a computer, psychologists can study many thousands of people at a time?
a. surveys
b. case studies
c. interviews
d. simulation techniques
ANSWER: a
50. People in which field of psychology believed that learning consisted of both overt behaviors and
meaningful “wholes?”
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Rathus
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
1. Ravi is unable to choose the right career path after completing his college education. He plans to visit a
psychologist who might help him find the right career. In this scenario, Ravi is most likely to visit a
human factors psychologist.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. Structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate
stimuli into meaningful patterns.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
3. Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. John B. Watson developed the social-cognitive perspective, arguing for the influence of social factors
over cognition
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought
processes in terms of basic units.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. Jalen wondered how many blueberries are necessary for the perfect-tasting pancake. In this example,
changing the number of blueberries would be considered the dependent variable.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. In the 1940s and 1950s, psychodynamic theory dominated the practice of psychotherapy.
a. True
b. False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
ANSWER: True
9. According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior
patterns survive.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
10. According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be
harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. In the context of psychological research, debriefing is the process of explaining the purposes and
methods of a completed procedure to a participant.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
12. Many case studies are clinical; that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and
how a psychologist treated them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. A sample consists of multiple populations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. In a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine
while another group is not. The latter would be considered an experimental group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. Psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
16. Paulina is a kindergarten teacher. Every time one of her students answers correctly during her
alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "Well done" and "Keep it up." Her behavior exemplifies
reinforcement.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
17. Correlations allow us to determine causality.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
18. Structuralists tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the
requirements of their lives?"
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Sociocultural psychologists study those things we refer to as the mind.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
20. As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so
that its effects may be determined.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
21. Which of the following psychologists might treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys
on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders’ behavior and mental processes?
a. forensic psychologists
b. clinical psychologists
c. personality psychologists
d. experimental psychologists
ANSWER: a
22. Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?
a. In the experimental method of research, participants in control groups obtain the treatment
being tested.
b. The experimental method fails to answer questions about cause and effect.
c. In the experimental method of research, participants in experimental groups do not obtain the
treatment being tested.
d. The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and
draw conclusions about cause and effect.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
23. A person in which field primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work?
a. industrial psychologist
b. human factors psychologist
c. forensic psychologist
d. consumer psychologist
ANSWER: a
24. Since 15 percent of a university is comprised of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was
chosen in such a way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be
an example of a ________.
a. random sample
b. static sample
c. crowd sample
d. stratified sample
ANSWER: c
25. Which of the following is a typical characteristic of biologically-oriented psychologists?
a. They believe that self-awareness, experience, and choice permit us to invent ourselves and our
ways of relating to the world as we progress through life.
b. They study the influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior
and mental processes.
c. They investigate the ways we perceive and mentally represent the world, remember the past,
plan for the future, solve problems, form judgments, make decisions, and use language.
d. They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological
disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.
ANSWER: d
26. Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?
a. Counseling psychologists deal exclusively with clients who suffer from serious psychological
disorders.
b. Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior.
c. School psychologists focus on planning instructional methods for a school system rather than
on individual children.
d. Health psychologists apply psychology to the criminal justice system.
ANSWER: b
27. Who was a founder of the school of functionalism?
a. B. F. Skinner
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. William James
d. Kurt Koffka
ANSWER: c
28. In every experiment, what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not is called the
________.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. dependent variable
b. confounding variable
c. correlation coefficient
d. stratified sample
ANSWER: a
29. Which of the following is a drawback of case studies?
a. Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations.
b. Case studies are not descriptive and hence do not offer substantial information about
participants.
c. Interviewers are required to disclose personal information about clients.
d. Case studies do not collect information about small groups.
ANSWER: a
30. Ned is feeling stressed because of his workload at the office. He is also experiencing insomnia with
rapid weight loss. What kind of correlation is there between Ned’s stress and the amount of sleep he gets?
a. horizontal
b. negative
c. lateral
d. positive
ANSWER: b
31. As discussed in your text, the Literary Digest incorrectly predicted Alf Landon to win the 1936
presidential election over Franklin D. Roosevelt. What is believed to be the primary source of their error?
a. the control group
b. the dependent variable
c. the placebo group
d. the sample
ANSWER: d
32. Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology?
a. He held that people's behavior should be analyzed subjectively and not objectively.
b. He suggested that one could think of behavior in terms of a body and a mind.
c. He argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws.
d. He pointed out that people's behavior is solely influenced by external stimulation.
ANSWER: c
33. Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He
strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones,
heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?
a. psychodynamic
b. cognitive
c. biological
d. humanistic–existential
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
ANSWER: c
34. Identify a true statement about social–cognitive theorists.
a. They believe that people are typically good and are predisposed to exhibit ethical conduct.
b. They note that people engage in intentional learning by observing others.
c. They define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental
processes.
d. They believe that human social behavior is solely based on hereditary principles.
ANSWER: b
35. Functionalism was influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution which ________.
a. accepted the belief of random mutations
b. considered humans as another form of animal
c. believed adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained
d. stated it takes thousands of years for species to evolve
ANSWER: b
36. Wilhelm Wundt used which method to try to discover the basic elements of experience?
a. introspection
b. reinforcement
c. psychoanalysis
d. existentialism
ANSWER: a
37. Famous neoanalysts such as Karen Horney and Erik Erikson differ from earlier psychodynamic
practitioners in that they ________.
a. emphasized on environmental influences and the learning of habits through repetition
b. focused less on unconscious processes and more on conscious choice and self-direction
c. focused on the evolution of behavior in order to understand the human psyche
d. believed that people perceive separate pieces of information as integrated wholes
ANSWER: b
38. Which of the following are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have
adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in
college, but not serious psychological disorders?
a. personality psychologists
b. organizational psychologists
c. developmental psychologists
d. counseling psychologists
ANSWER: d
39. Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs
to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she
has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the
required information?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. the survey method
b. the placebo method
c. naturalistic observation
d. the experimental method
ANSWER: a
40. Which of the following statements is true of William James's contribution to psychology?
a. He argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous.
b. He theorized that experience can be broken down into objective sensations and subjective
feelings.
c. He pointed out that people were social creatures who influenced one another.
d. He believed that organisms learn to behave only through reinforcement.
ANSWER: a
41. In Gestalt psychology, learning, especially problem solving, is accomplished primarily by ________.
a. repetition
b. insight
c. continuous practice
d. mechanical reinforcement
ANSWER: b
42. While industrial psychologists focus on the relationships between people and work, the behavior of
people in workplaces such as businesses is studied by which of these fields?
a. organizational psychologists
b. forensic psychologists
c. developmental psychologists
d. personality psychologists
ANSWER: a
43. According to the psychoanalytic approach, a good majority of what influences our behavior is
________.
a. an emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts
b. equally divided up between our objective sensations and subjective feelings
c. how we were reinforced as young adults, and how that affects behavior choices
d. our drive towards self-actualization and how we choose to pursue it
ANSWER: a
44. Social-cognitive theorists ________.
a. suggest that people can modify and create their environments
b. primarily emphasize environmental influences and the learning of habits through repetition
c. primarily emphasize environmental influences and the learning of habits through
reinforcement
d. suggest that people cannot engage in intentional learning
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
45. Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?
a. formulating a research question
b. testing a hypothesis
c. calculating correlations
d. modifying theories
ANSWER: a
46. Which of the following is a complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn
for an experiment?
a. random sample
b. segment
c. population
d. stratified sample
ANSWER: c
47. The construction of a factory near Valley Mont Elementary School adversely affected the
concentration of the students in the school. In order to help the students cope with this problem, the
principal of the school invited a psychologist who was experienced in dealing with humans and their
interactions with their surroundings. Which field would this psychologist most likely study?
a. forensic psychology
b. social psychology
c. environmental psychology
d. industrial psychology
ANSWER: c
48. Which of the following is true of B. F. Skinner's contribution to behaviorism?
a. He believed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced
for doing so.
b. He focused on the relation between conscious experience and behavior in shaping the human
psyche.
c. He used introspection to try to discover the basic elements of experience that influenced
human behavior.
d. He stated that psychology should be defined as the study of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: a
49. One of the advantages of which method is that by distributing questionnaires and analyzing answers
with a computer, psychologists can study many thousands of people at a time?
a. surveys
b. case studies
c. interviews
d. simulation techniques
ANSWER: a
50. People in which field of psychology believed that learning consisted of both overt behaviors and
meaningful “wholes?”
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
