, TESTBANK for Psychology Modules for Active
Learning , 15th Edition Dennis Coon
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 01: The Psychology of Reflective Studying
1. Which of the following includes the things you can do, such as communication or working with others?
a. attitudes
b. goals
c. responsibility
d. skills
ANSWER: d
2. When the text offers advice about how to take tests and overcome procrastination, it is offering skills in
which area?
a. study
b. research
c. critical thinking
d. cultural awareness
ANSWER: a
3. Ali has set up a plan that outlines when he will study, and for how long each day. He also has
scheduled in times for classes, meals, and going to the gym. Which reflective learning process is Ali
engaged in?
a. goal setting
b. planning
c. self-instruction
d. monitoring progress
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following occurs when you engage in deliberatively and actively thinking about an
experience, or what you are learning?
a. self-referencing
b. critical thinking
c. reflecting learning
d. experiential processing
ANSWER: c
5. Eloise knows she needs to concentrate during class instead of continuously checking for messages on
her phone. How can Eloise become better at avoiding distractions and gather ideas during class?
a. set up a learning strategy
b. research information on PsycINFO before class
c. incorporate experiential processing
d. become a reflective listener
ANSWER: d
6. Petra tries to take notes on only key ideas during class. What should she do after class so that her notes
are easier to use when studying for exams?
a. eliminate details so only an outline remains
b. organize them by key ideas
c. look for signal words
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 01: The Psychology of Reflective Studying
d. identify areas where she should have asked questions
ANSWER: b
7. While studying for her exam, Mabel set up a series of flashcards to practice key terms. Which study
skill is Mabel using?
a. self-testing
b. spaced practice
c. massed practice
d. note-taking
ANSWER: a
8. Owen has studied all week for his upcoming exam, and he believes he is ready. Which step should
Owen now take to ensure he is prepared?
a. reflective practice
b. cramming
c. overlearning
d. massed practice
ANSWER: c
9. Willa is taking a multiple-choice test. Which strategy will help Willa with her exam?
a. Read all answer choices before selecting one.
b. Stop reading as soon as the correct answer choice is identified.
c. Answer all items immediately and revisit those she was unsure of.
d. Choose the longest answer, or letter least used.
ANSWER: a
10. Grant likes to set goals for his study session. How can he ensure his goals are appropriate?
a. They should be clear cut and measurable.
b. They should allow a degree of procrastination to happen.
c. They should offer flexibility.
d. They should be supported by good study habits.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
1. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they were true is
called
a. uncritical acceptance.
b. confirmation bias.
c. critical acceptance.
d. awareness bias.
ANSWER: a
2. What is confirmation bias?
a. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or it would be nice if they were true.
b. The tendency to remember information that fits one’s expectations while ignoring
discrepancies.
c. Unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
d. Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings and behavior.
ANSWER: b
3. What is a superstition?
a. The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations.
b. An unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
c. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they
were true.
d. Someone with a dominant personality that can strongly influence other people.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is an unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence?
a. superstition
b. introspection
c. confirmation bias
d. uncritical acceptance
ANSWER: a
5. Personal observation of one's own thoughts, feelings, or behavior is called
a. introspection.
b. cognitive unconscious.
c. imageless thought.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: a
6. What is the first step of the scientific method?
a. Examine information from previously published studies.
b. Propose a hypothesis.
c. Build a theory.
d. Define the problem.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
7. In the context of the scientific method, a theory is a(n)
a. prediction of the relationship between the variables.
b. deliberate attempt to uncover how a common-sense belief might be false.
c. process to determine whether results are accurate.
d. organized systems of assumptions and principles to explain a specific set of interrelationships.
ANSWER: d
8. Which of the following is a basic principle of critical thinking?
a. Religious beliefs and personal values should be evaluated by applying the rules of logic,
evidence, and the scientific method.
b. If an authority is sincere or convincing, you can safely believe his/her ideas to be true.
c. Judging the quality of the evidence is crucial.
d. Critical thinking requires open-mindedness to the point of being gullible.
ANSWER: c
9. Which is a type of reflection involving the support of beliefs through scientific explanation and
observation?
a. critical thinking
b. critical analysis
c. falsification
d. hypothesis
ANSWER: a
10. Akira is attempting to test a hypothesis through an experiment. He has just finished creating concrete
set of operational definitions. What would be the next step in his study?
a. Akira needs to develop a theory that interrelates concepts to summarize existing data.
b. Akira needs to create an outline of his research report that details his methods.
c. Akira needs to confirm his methods adhere to the basic ethical guidelines of psychologists.
d. Akira needs to gather evidence to test the hypothesis he has proposed.
ANSWER: d
11. Which of the following refers to the deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief or
scientific theory might not be true?
a. falsification
b. critical thinking
c. critical analysis
d. hypothesis
ANSWER: a
12. Which of these is a form of critical thinking based on careful measurement, controlled observation,
and repeatable results?
a. scientific method
b. hypothesis
c. falsification
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
d. self-actualization
ANSWER: a
13. Predicted outcome of an experiment or an educated guess about the relationship between variables is
known as a(n)
a. hypothesis.
b. theory.
c. analysis.
d. falsification.
ANSWER: a
14. A failure to evaluate claims with sufficient logical rigor is called
a. uncritical acceptance.
b. confirmation bias.
c. common sense psychology.
d. unconsciousness.
ANSWER: a
15. Describing a scientific concept by stating the specific actions or procedures used to measure it is
called which of the following?
a. operational definition
b. observer effect
c. researcher bias
d. correlation coefficient
ANSWER: a
16. An operational definition defines a scientific concept by stating
a. the specific actions or procedures used to measure it.
b. the general idea of what they want to collect data on.
c. which population data is being collected on.
d. the vague, non-specific actions or procedures used to measure it.
ANSWER: a
17. Mental processes are strongly influenced by a combination of
a. biological, psychological, and social factors.
b. environmental and evolutionary factors.
c. humanistic and biological factors.
d. evolutionary and social factors.
ANSWER: a
18. Jeffrey is watching television and a commercial comes on for diet pills. Someone in a lab coat similar
to the one his family doctor wears guarantees that these pills will cause weight loss. Jeffrey orders the
pills since he trusts the person wearing the lab coat, like he trusts his family doctor. Which of these is this
an example of?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. phrenology
b. pseudoscience
c. awareness bias
d. uncritical acceptance
ANSWER: d
19. Ochanya is convinced that her purple hair clips are lucky. Every time she wears them her soccer team
wins the game. Last week, Ochanya could not find the purple hair clips and wore her black ones. This
time her team lost the game. She believes that the team lost due to her hair clips. What is this an example
of?
a. phrenology
b. awareness bias
c. superstition
d. critical acceptance
ANSWER: c
20. Researchers are interested in seeing how many drivers are on their cell phones while leaving the
parking lot. The parking lot has one exit so the two researchers each write down driver gender, car color
and whether the driver was on the phone or not. Data gathered would then be analyzed for significance.
What process did the researchers use to gather data?
a. scientific observation
b. natural selection
c. pseudoscience
d. phrenology
ANSWER: a
21. Researchers are interested in seeing how many drivers are on their cell phones while leaving the
parking lot. The parking lot has one exit so the two researchers each write down driver gender, car color
and whether the driver was on the phone or not. Data gathered would then be analyzed for significance.
Since both researchers collected the same data, what scientific approach is this considered?
a. interobjective
b. intraobjective
c. intersubjective
d. intrasubjective
ANSWER: c
22. Janice was starting a new yoga class which had a meditation component to it. She learned how to
focus on her breathing and inner emotional state while in class. She was able to use her new skills as she
encountered new experiences the following week. Janice learned what skill in her class?
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. introspection
d. retrospection
ANSWER: c
23. A yoga class was being offered with a new meditative technique focusing on each individual sense
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
and how each piece of information was interpreted by each person. This relaxation and training technique
worked for each person in the class because
a. everyone had the same thoughts from this training technique since they all learned it at the same time.
b. each individual experienced sensations and perceptions differently than anyone else in the room due to retros
c. everyone had the same experience from this training technique since they all learned it at the same time.
d. each individual experienced sensations and perceptions differently than anyone else in the room due to intros
ANSWER: d
24. Before gathering data, Margaret wrote that she believed more men than women would drive trucks to
school. What is this an example of?
a. hypothesis
b. theory
c. operational definition
d. scientific method
ANSWER: a
25. Kevin performed a research study and obtained statistically significant results. Jason asked him for the
step-by-step process he used to complete his research study, so that Jason could do the same study at his
university. Which of the following is Jason attempting to do?
a. Jason is attempting to replicate Kevin’s study to increase reliability of the research.
b. Jason is attempting to validate Kevin’s study to increase reliability of the research.
c. Jason is attempting to invalidate Kevin’s study to decrease reliability of the research.
d. Jason is attempting to replicate Kevin’s study to decrease reliability of the research.
ANSWER: a
26. A psychologist begins to research a hypothesis to prove why she thinks that her colleague’s recent
findings are not true. What process in psychology is this person attempting to achieve in this
investigation?
a. falsification
b. critical thinking
c. replication
d. prediction
ANSWER: a
27. Carrie wants to study digestion in dogs, similar to Pavlov's research. She decides to use all the dogs in
her apartment complex for her research study, but not inform their owners. Which of the following
statements best describes how Carrie violated research guidelines?
a. Carrie used the neighborhood dogs without their owner’s permission.
b. Carrie violated the replication research guidelines.
c. Carrie used animals, which is inhumane.
d. Carrie did not violate any research guidelines.
ANSWER: a
28. Michelle was helping to conduct a research study and did not lock up the surveys at the end of the
day. The next day all the participant information was shared on social media. Which guideline for
conducting research did Michelle violate?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
, Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. voluntary participation
b. anonymous participation
c. maintenance of confidentiality
d. treating participants with respect
ANSWER: c
29. Holly is conducting a study to see if eating three servings of vegetables everyday increases weight
loss. Which of the following is this an example of?
a. theoretical explanation
b. hypothesis statement
c. operational definition
d. empirical definition
ANSWER: b
30. Sharib is conducting a series of tests on graphology, or the study of handwriting. His data has
conclusively indicated that this particular form of psychological analysis does not have any validity in
determining personality. Belief that handwriting is an indicator of personality is an example of
a. confirmation bias.
b. pseudoscience.
c. critical acceptance.
d. uncritical acceptance.
ANSWER: b
31. Which statement is a clear illustration of confirmation bias?
a. “If it was good enough for my grandmother, then it’s good enough for me.”
b. “I keep hearing all about it on the news, so there must be some truth to it.”
c. “My barber told me to try using baking soda to get out tough carpet stains.”
d. “I believe everyone who drives a red car is a rude driver, even though blue cars cut me off just
as frequently.”
ANSWER: d
32. A researcher would like to study the effects of coffee on memory retention. In order to make an
objective assessment of memory retention, she will first need to establish a(n)
a. operational definition for memory retention.
b. theory for how coffee will affect memory retention.
c. set of variables to use in the study.
d. comprehensive report on previous studies related to memory retention and aging.
ANSWER: a
33. In which circumstance would a researcher need to first establish an operational definition in order to
objectively assess its variable?
a. researching the effects of coffee on energy levels
b. researching the effects of water on the metabolic rate
c. researching the effects of salt on systolic blood pressure
d. researching the effects of magnesium on the average number of hours of slept at night
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
Learning , 15th Edition Dennis Coon
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 01: The Psychology of Reflective Studying
1. Which of the following includes the things you can do, such as communication or working with others?
a. attitudes
b. goals
c. responsibility
d. skills
ANSWER: d
2. When the text offers advice about how to take tests and overcome procrastination, it is offering skills in
which area?
a. study
b. research
c. critical thinking
d. cultural awareness
ANSWER: a
3. Ali has set up a plan that outlines when he will study, and for how long each day. He also has
scheduled in times for classes, meals, and going to the gym. Which reflective learning process is Ali
engaged in?
a. goal setting
b. planning
c. self-instruction
d. monitoring progress
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following occurs when you engage in deliberatively and actively thinking about an
experience, or what you are learning?
a. self-referencing
b. critical thinking
c. reflecting learning
d. experiential processing
ANSWER: c
5. Eloise knows she needs to concentrate during class instead of continuously checking for messages on
her phone. How can Eloise become better at avoiding distractions and gather ideas during class?
a. set up a learning strategy
b. research information on PsycINFO before class
c. incorporate experiential processing
d. become a reflective listener
ANSWER: d
6. Petra tries to take notes on only key ideas during class. What should she do after class so that her notes
are easier to use when studying for exams?
a. eliminate details so only an outline remains
b. organize them by key ideas
c. look for signal words
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 01: The Psychology of Reflective Studying
d. identify areas where she should have asked questions
ANSWER: b
7. While studying for her exam, Mabel set up a series of flashcards to practice key terms. Which study
skill is Mabel using?
a. self-testing
b. spaced practice
c. massed practice
d. note-taking
ANSWER: a
8. Owen has studied all week for his upcoming exam, and he believes he is ready. Which step should
Owen now take to ensure he is prepared?
a. reflective practice
b. cramming
c. overlearning
d. massed practice
ANSWER: c
9. Willa is taking a multiple-choice test. Which strategy will help Willa with her exam?
a. Read all answer choices before selecting one.
b. Stop reading as soon as the correct answer choice is identified.
c. Answer all items immediately and revisit those she was unsure of.
d. Choose the longest answer, or letter least used.
ANSWER: a
10. Grant likes to set goals for his study session. How can he ensure his goals are appropriate?
a. They should be clear cut and measurable.
b. They should allow a degree of procrastination to happen.
c. They should offer flexibility.
d. They should be supported by good study habits.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
1. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they were true is
called
a. uncritical acceptance.
b. confirmation bias.
c. critical acceptance.
d. awareness bias.
ANSWER: a
2. What is confirmation bias?
a. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or it would be nice if they were true.
b. The tendency to remember information that fits one’s expectations while ignoring
discrepancies.
c. Unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
d. Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings and behavior.
ANSWER: b
3. What is a superstition?
a. The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations.
b. An unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
c. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they
were true.
d. Someone with a dominant personality that can strongly influence other people.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is an unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence?
a. superstition
b. introspection
c. confirmation bias
d. uncritical acceptance
ANSWER: a
5. Personal observation of one's own thoughts, feelings, or behavior is called
a. introspection.
b. cognitive unconscious.
c. imageless thought.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: a
6. What is the first step of the scientific method?
a. Examine information from previously published studies.
b. Propose a hypothesis.
c. Build a theory.
d. Define the problem.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
7. In the context of the scientific method, a theory is a(n)
a. prediction of the relationship between the variables.
b. deliberate attempt to uncover how a common-sense belief might be false.
c. process to determine whether results are accurate.
d. organized systems of assumptions and principles to explain a specific set of interrelationships.
ANSWER: d
8. Which of the following is a basic principle of critical thinking?
a. Religious beliefs and personal values should be evaluated by applying the rules of logic,
evidence, and the scientific method.
b. If an authority is sincere or convincing, you can safely believe his/her ideas to be true.
c. Judging the quality of the evidence is crucial.
d. Critical thinking requires open-mindedness to the point of being gullible.
ANSWER: c
9. Which is a type of reflection involving the support of beliefs through scientific explanation and
observation?
a. critical thinking
b. critical analysis
c. falsification
d. hypothesis
ANSWER: a
10. Akira is attempting to test a hypothesis through an experiment. He has just finished creating concrete
set of operational definitions. What would be the next step in his study?
a. Akira needs to develop a theory that interrelates concepts to summarize existing data.
b. Akira needs to create an outline of his research report that details his methods.
c. Akira needs to confirm his methods adhere to the basic ethical guidelines of psychologists.
d. Akira needs to gather evidence to test the hypothesis he has proposed.
ANSWER: d
11. Which of the following refers to the deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief or
scientific theory might not be true?
a. falsification
b. critical thinking
c. critical analysis
d. hypothesis
ANSWER: a
12. Which of these is a form of critical thinking based on careful measurement, controlled observation,
and repeatable results?
a. scientific method
b. hypothesis
c. falsification
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
d. self-actualization
ANSWER: a
13. Predicted outcome of an experiment or an educated guess about the relationship between variables is
known as a(n)
a. hypothesis.
b. theory.
c. analysis.
d. falsification.
ANSWER: a
14. A failure to evaluate claims with sufficient logical rigor is called
a. uncritical acceptance.
b. confirmation bias.
c. common sense psychology.
d. unconsciousness.
ANSWER: a
15. Describing a scientific concept by stating the specific actions or procedures used to measure it is
called which of the following?
a. operational definition
b. observer effect
c. researcher bias
d. correlation coefficient
ANSWER: a
16. An operational definition defines a scientific concept by stating
a. the specific actions or procedures used to measure it.
b. the general idea of what they want to collect data on.
c. which population data is being collected on.
d. the vague, non-specific actions or procedures used to measure it.
ANSWER: a
17. Mental processes are strongly influenced by a combination of
a. biological, psychological, and social factors.
b. environmental and evolutionary factors.
c. humanistic and biological factors.
d. evolutionary and social factors.
ANSWER: a
18. Jeffrey is watching television and a commercial comes on for diet pills. Someone in a lab coat similar
to the one his family doctor wears guarantees that these pills will cause weight loss. Jeffrey orders the
pills since he trusts the person wearing the lab coat, like he trusts his family doctor. Which of these is this
an example of?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. phrenology
b. pseudoscience
c. awareness bias
d. uncritical acceptance
ANSWER: d
19. Ochanya is convinced that her purple hair clips are lucky. Every time she wears them her soccer team
wins the game. Last week, Ochanya could not find the purple hair clips and wore her black ones. This
time her team lost the game. She believes that the team lost due to her hair clips. What is this an example
of?
a. phrenology
b. awareness bias
c. superstition
d. critical acceptance
ANSWER: c
20. Researchers are interested in seeing how many drivers are on their cell phones while leaving the
parking lot. The parking lot has one exit so the two researchers each write down driver gender, car color
and whether the driver was on the phone or not. Data gathered would then be analyzed for significance.
What process did the researchers use to gather data?
a. scientific observation
b. natural selection
c. pseudoscience
d. phrenology
ANSWER: a
21. Researchers are interested in seeing how many drivers are on their cell phones while leaving the
parking lot. The parking lot has one exit so the two researchers each write down driver gender, car color
and whether the driver was on the phone or not. Data gathered would then be analyzed for significance.
Since both researchers collected the same data, what scientific approach is this considered?
a. interobjective
b. intraobjective
c. intersubjective
d. intrasubjective
ANSWER: c
22. Janice was starting a new yoga class which had a meditation component to it. She learned how to
focus on her breathing and inner emotional state while in class. She was able to use her new skills as she
encountered new experiences the following week. Janice learned what skill in her class?
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. introspection
d. retrospection
ANSWER: c
23. A yoga class was being offered with a new meditative technique focusing on each individual sense
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
and how each piece of information was interpreted by each person. This relaxation and training technique
worked for each person in the class because
a. everyone had the same thoughts from this training technique since they all learned it at the same time.
b. each individual experienced sensations and perceptions differently than anyone else in the room due to retros
c. everyone had the same experience from this training technique since they all learned it at the same time.
d. each individual experienced sensations and perceptions differently than anyone else in the room due to intros
ANSWER: d
24. Before gathering data, Margaret wrote that she believed more men than women would drive trucks to
school. What is this an example of?
a. hypothesis
b. theory
c. operational definition
d. scientific method
ANSWER: a
25. Kevin performed a research study and obtained statistically significant results. Jason asked him for the
step-by-step process he used to complete his research study, so that Jason could do the same study at his
university. Which of the following is Jason attempting to do?
a. Jason is attempting to replicate Kevin’s study to increase reliability of the research.
b. Jason is attempting to validate Kevin’s study to increase reliability of the research.
c. Jason is attempting to invalidate Kevin’s study to decrease reliability of the research.
d. Jason is attempting to replicate Kevin’s study to decrease reliability of the research.
ANSWER: a
26. A psychologist begins to research a hypothesis to prove why she thinks that her colleague’s recent
findings are not true. What process in psychology is this person attempting to achieve in this
investigation?
a. falsification
b. critical thinking
c. replication
d. prediction
ANSWER: a
27. Carrie wants to study digestion in dogs, similar to Pavlov's research. She decides to use all the dogs in
her apartment complex for her research study, but not inform their owners. Which of the following
statements best describes how Carrie violated research guidelines?
a. Carrie used the neighborhood dogs without their owner’s permission.
b. Carrie violated the replication research guidelines.
c. Carrie used animals, which is inhumane.
d. Carrie did not violate any research guidelines.
ANSWER: a
28. Michelle was helping to conduct a research study and did not lock up the surveys at the end of the
day. The next day all the participant information was shared on social media. Which guideline for
conducting research did Michelle violate?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
, Name: Class: Date:
Module 02: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. voluntary participation
b. anonymous participation
c. maintenance of confidentiality
d. treating participants with respect
ANSWER: c
29. Holly is conducting a study to see if eating three servings of vegetables everyday increases weight
loss. Which of the following is this an example of?
a. theoretical explanation
b. hypothesis statement
c. operational definition
d. empirical definition
ANSWER: b
30. Sharib is conducting a series of tests on graphology, or the study of handwriting. His data has
conclusively indicated that this particular form of psychological analysis does not have any validity in
determining personality. Belief that handwriting is an indicator of personality is an example of
a. confirmation bias.
b. pseudoscience.
c. critical acceptance.
d. uncritical acceptance.
ANSWER: b
31. Which statement is a clear illustration of confirmation bias?
a. “If it was good enough for my grandmother, then it’s good enough for me.”
b. “I keep hearing all about it on the news, so there must be some truth to it.”
c. “My barber told me to try using baking soda to get out tough carpet stains.”
d. “I believe everyone who drives a red car is a rude driver, even though blue cars cut me off just
as frequently.”
ANSWER: d
32. A researcher would like to study the effects of coffee on memory retention. In order to make an
objective assessment of memory retention, she will first need to establish a(n)
a. operational definition for memory retention.
b. theory for how coffee will affect memory retention.
c. set of variables to use in the study.
d. comprehensive report on previous studies related to memory retention and aging.
ANSWER: a
33. In which circumstance would a researcher need to first establish an operational definition in order to
objectively assess its variable?
a. researching the effects of coffee on energy levels
b. researching the effects of water on the metabolic rate
c. researching the effects of salt on systolic blood pressure
d. researching the effects of magnesium on the average number of hours of slept at night
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
