Ignatavicius Medical-Surgical Nursing - Chapter 13
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Negatively charged electrolytes. anions
An important body electrolyte ion having
calcium (Ca2+)
two positive charges (divalent cation).
Positively charged electrolytes. cations
Body fluid volume (especially plasma
volume) deficit caused by fluid intake or
dehydration
retention below what is needed to meet
the body's daily fluid needs.
Movement of particles (solute) across a
permeable membrane from an area of
higher particle concentration to an area diffusion
of lower particle concentration (down a
concentration gradient).
Solute particles that express and overall
electrical charge (positive or negative). electrolytes (ions)
Also known as ions.
The compartment composing fluids out-
side of the cells (interstitial fluid and plas- extracellular fluid (ECF)
ma volumes).
Movement across a cell membrane that
facilitated diffusion
requires a membrane-altering system.
Movement of fluid through a cell or blood
vessel membrane because of hydrostat- filtration
ic pressure (water pressure) differences.
Regulation of body fluid volume, osmo-
larity, and composition; the regulation of
electrolytes by the processes of filtration, fluid and electrolyte balance
diffusion, osmosis, and selective excre-
tion.
Pressure exerted by water molecules
against the surfaces (membranes or
hydrostatic pressure
walls) of a confining space. Also known
as water pressure.
Total serum calcium level above 10.5
hypercalcemia
mg/dL or 2.62 mmol/L.
, Ignatavicius Medical-Surgical Nursing - Chapter 13
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Serum potassium level higher than 5.0
hyperkalemia
mEq/L (mmol/L).
Serum magnesium level above 2.6
hypermagnesemia
mEq/L or 1.07 mmol/L.
Serum sodium level over 145 mEq/L
hypernatremia
(mmol/L).
Fluid with an osmolarity greater than 300
hyperosmotic/hypertonic
mOsm/L.
Fluid overload. hypervolemia
Total serum calcium (Ca2+) level below
hypocalcemia
9.0 mg/dL or 2.25 mmol/L.
Serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L
hypokalemia
(mmol/L).
Serum magnesium (Mg2+) level below
hypomagnesemia
1.8 mEq/L or 0.74 mmol/L.
Serum sodium (Na+) level below 136
hyponatremia
mEq/L (mmol/L).
Fluid with an osmolarity less than 270
hypo-osmotic/hypotonic
mOsm/L.
Lower than normal circulating blood vol-
hypovolemia
ume.
Body water loss that has no mechanisms
for control, including losses through
insensible water loss
the skin, the lungs, GI tract, salivation,
drainage from fistulas and drains.
The part of extracellular fluids present
between cells, also called the third
space, that includes blood, lymph, water interstitial fluid
in the bones and connective tissue wa-
ter, and the transcellular fluids.
The compartment composing fluids in-
intracellular fluid (ICF)
side of the cells (cellular fluid).
, Ignatavicius Medical-Surgical Nursing - Chapter 13
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Fluid that has the solute (particle) con-
centration (osmolarity) within the normal
isosmotic/isotonic
range for human body fluids, 270 to 300
mOsm/L.
A divalent cation that is stored mostly in
magnesium (Mg2+)
bones and cartilage.
Minimum amount of urine output per day
needed to excrete toxic waste products obligatory urine output
(400 to 600 mL).
The number of milliosmoles in a kilogram
osmolality
of solution.
The number of milliosmoles in a liter of
osmolarity
solution.
Movement of water only through a selec-
tively permeable (semipermeable) mem-
osmosis
brane to achieve an equilibrium of osmo-
larity.
The major cation of the intracellular fluid
potassium (K+)
(ICF).
The major cation (positively charged par-
sodium (Na+)
ticle) in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
Particles dissolved in the solvent of body
solute
fluids.
The water portion of body fluids. solvent
When dissolved solute particles express
an overall electrical charge (positive or What are Electrolytes or Ions known as?
negative)
The regulation of body fluid volume, os-
molarity, and composition, as well as the
What is the definition of Fluid and Elec-
regulation of electrolytes by the process-
trolyte balance?
es of filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and
selective excretion.
Total body water (fluid) in adults varies by
age and gender.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cmmriq
Negatively charged electrolytes. anions
An important body electrolyte ion having
calcium (Ca2+)
two positive charges (divalent cation).
Positively charged electrolytes. cations
Body fluid volume (especially plasma
volume) deficit caused by fluid intake or
dehydration
retention below what is needed to meet
the body's daily fluid needs.
Movement of particles (solute) across a
permeable membrane from an area of
higher particle concentration to an area diffusion
of lower particle concentration (down a
concentration gradient).
Solute particles that express and overall
electrical charge (positive or negative). electrolytes (ions)
Also known as ions.
The compartment composing fluids out-
side of the cells (interstitial fluid and plas- extracellular fluid (ECF)
ma volumes).
Movement across a cell membrane that
facilitated diffusion
requires a membrane-altering system.
Movement of fluid through a cell or blood
vessel membrane because of hydrostat- filtration
ic pressure (water pressure) differences.
Regulation of body fluid volume, osmo-
larity, and composition; the regulation of
electrolytes by the processes of filtration, fluid and electrolyte balance
diffusion, osmosis, and selective excre-
tion.
Pressure exerted by water molecules
against the surfaces (membranes or
hydrostatic pressure
walls) of a confining space. Also known
as water pressure.
Total serum calcium level above 10.5
hypercalcemia
mg/dL or 2.62 mmol/L.
, Ignatavicius Medical-Surgical Nursing - Chapter 13
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cmmriq
Serum potassium level higher than 5.0
hyperkalemia
mEq/L (mmol/L).
Serum magnesium level above 2.6
hypermagnesemia
mEq/L or 1.07 mmol/L.
Serum sodium level over 145 mEq/L
hypernatremia
(mmol/L).
Fluid with an osmolarity greater than 300
hyperosmotic/hypertonic
mOsm/L.
Fluid overload. hypervolemia
Total serum calcium (Ca2+) level below
hypocalcemia
9.0 mg/dL or 2.25 mmol/L.
Serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L
hypokalemia
(mmol/L).
Serum magnesium (Mg2+) level below
hypomagnesemia
1.8 mEq/L or 0.74 mmol/L.
Serum sodium (Na+) level below 136
hyponatremia
mEq/L (mmol/L).
Fluid with an osmolarity less than 270
hypo-osmotic/hypotonic
mOsm/L.
Lower than normal circulating blood vol-
hypovolemia
ume.
Body water loss that has no mechanisms
for control, including losses through
insensible water loss
the skin, the lungs, GI tract, salivation,
drainage from fistulas and drains.
The part of extracellular fluids present
between cells, also called the third
space, that includes blood, lymph, water interstitial fluid
in the bones and connective tissue wa-
ter, and the transcellular fluids.
The compartment composing fluids in-
intracellular fluid (ICF)
side of the cells (cellular fluid).
, Ignatavicius Medical-Surgical Nursing - Chapter 13
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cmmriq
Fluid that has the solute (particle) con-
centration (osmolarity) within the normal
isosmotic/isotonic
range for human body fluids, 270 to 300
mOsm/L.
A divalent cation that is stored mostly in
magnesium (Mg2+)
bones and cartilage.
Minimum amount of urine output per day
needed to excrete toxic waste products obligatory urine output
(400 to 600 mL).
The number of milliosmoles in a kilogram
osmolality
of solution.
The number of milliosmoles in a liter of
osmolarity
solution.
Movement of water only through a selec-
tively permeable (semipermeable) mem-
osmosis
brane to achieve an equilibrium of osmo-
larity.
The major cation of the intracellular fluid
potassium (K+)
(ICF).
The major cation (positively charged par-
sodium (Na+)
ticle) in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
Particles dissolved in the solvent of body
solute
fluids.
The water portion of body fluids. solvent
When dissolved solute particles express
an overall electrical charge (positive or What are Electrolytes or Ions known as?
negative)
The regulation of body fluid volume, os-
molarity, and composition, as well as the
What is the definition of Fluid and Elec-
regulation of electrolytes by the process-
trolyte balance?
es of filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and
selective excretion.
Total body water (fluid) in adults varies by
age and gender.
