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COGSCI C100 Final Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Common aim of mindfulness therapies
⼀Answer:⼀ cultivating an attitude of awareness of the present
moment with acceptance
Labeling the fear-inducing object
⼀Answer:⼀ Reduced activity in the amygdala, the seat of fear and
other negative emotions - Increased activity in a parts of the
prefrontal cortex (right ventrolateral and medial PFC) involved in
vigilance and discrimination, relative to controls
focused meditation
⼀Answer:⼀ Step 1 of mindfulness practice; enables us to connect
with the nonmoving mind and the "suchness" of experience, which
produces a sense of general "Okness"
default mode network
⼀Answer:⼀ active when we are not focused on a particular task;
reduced activity when meditating
open monitoring
⼀Answer:⼀ Step 2 of mindfulness practice; mindfulness or
awareness of the present moment with acceptance
insula
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⼀Answer:⼀ specializes in body awareness
mental elaborations
⼀Answer:⼀ most of the negative emotions we feel do not come from
actual aversive events, but from our reactions to them
awe
⼀Answer:⼀ emotion that confers the greatest health benefits
compassion meditation
⼀Answer:⼀ emphasis is on generating feelings of benevolence and
compassion; Long-term practitioners produced showed high levels of
activity in gamma-band frequencies (25-42+ Hz) and increased
neural synchrony
gamma wave
⼀Answer:⼀ very high-frequency brain wave; size associated with
number of neurons firing in sync
left prefrontal cortex
⼀Answer:⼀ brain activity in this region is known to be associated
with positive outlook and feelings of happiness and well-being
three-stage model of memory
⼀Answer:⼀ the classification of memories based on duration as
sensory, short-term, and long-term
sensory memory
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⼀Answer:⼀ holds large amounts of incoming information for a very
short period of time; considered part of perception; iconic and echoic
memory
eidectic memory
⼀Answer:⼀ photographic memory; very rare, occurs most frequently
in children; visual image that is preserved
short-term memory
⼀Answer:⼀ activated memory that holds a few items briefly before
the information is stored or forgotten; 7+/- 2 items
phonological loop
⼀Answer:⼀ the part of working memory that holds and processes
verbal and auditory information (left hemisphere)
visuospatial sketchpad
⼀Answer:⼀ a storage component of working memory that maintains
visual images and spatial layouts (right hemisphere)
episodic buffer
⼀Answer:⼀ a storage component of working memory that combines
the images and sounds from the other two components and long term
memory into coherent, story-like episodes; important in time-
sequencing
central executive
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⼀Answer:⼀ part of Alan Baddeley's model of working memory that
oversees the visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic
buffer. Responsible for shifting and dividing attention
long-term memory
⼀Answer:⼀ the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
serial position effect
⼀Answer:⼀ a tendency for people to remember best the items
learned first (because of LTM) and the items learned last (because of
STM)
proactive interference
⼀Answer:⼀ the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of
new information
release from proactive interference
⼀Answer:⼀ reducing proactive interference by having information
be dissimilar from earlier material
retroactive interference
⼀Answer:⼀ the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old
information
explicit (declarative) memory
COGSCI C100 Final Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Common aim of mindfulness therapies
⼀Answer:⼀ cultivating an attitude of awareness of the present
moment with acceptance
Labeling the fear-inducing object
⼀Answer:⼀ Reduced activity in the amygdala, the seat of fear and
other negative emotions - Increased activity in a parts of the
prefrontal cortex (right ventrolateral and medial PFC) involved in
vigilance and discrimination, relative to controls
focused meditation
⼀Answer:⼀ Step 1 of mindfulness practice; enables us to connect
with the nonmoving mind and the "suchness" of experience, which
produces a sense of general "Okness"
default mode network
⼀Answer:⼀ active when we are not focused on a particular task;
reduced activity when meditating
open monitoring
⼀Answer:⼀ Step 2 of mindfulness practice; mindfulness or
awareness of the present moment with acceptance
insula
, Page | 2
⼀Answer:⼀ specializes in body awareness
mental elaborations
⼀Answer:⼀ most of the negative emotions we feel do not come from
actual aversive events, but from our reactions to them
awe
⼀Answer:⼀ emotion that confers the greatest health benefits
compassion meditation
⼀Answer:⼀ emphasis is on generating feelings of benevolence and
compassion; Long-term practitioners produced showed high levels of
activity in gamma-band frequencies (25-42+ Hz) and increased
neural synchrony
gamma wave
⼀Answer:⼀ very high-frequency brain wave; size associated with
number of neurons firing in sync
left prefrontal cortex
⼀Answer:⼀ brain activity in this region is known to be associated
with positive outlook and feelings of happiness and well-being
three-stage model of memory
⼀Answer:⼀ the classification of memories based on duration as
sensory, short-term, and long-term
sensory memory
, Page | 3
⼀Answer:⼀ holds large amounts of incoming information for a very
short period of time; considered part of perception; iconic and echoic
memory
eidectic memory
⼀Answer:⼀ photographic memory; very rare, occurs most frequently
in children; visual image that is preserved
short-term memory
⼀Answer:⼀ activated memory that holds a few items briefly before
the information is stored or forgotten; 7+/- 2 items
phonological loop
⼀Answer:⼀ the part of working memory that holds and processes
verbal and auditory information (left hemisphere)
visuospatial sketchpad
⼀Answer:⼀ a storage component of working memory that maintains
visual images and spatial layouts (right hemisphere)
episodic buffer
⼀Answer:⼀ a storage component of working memory that combines
the images and sounds from the other two components and long term
memory into coherent, story-like episodes; important in time-
sequencing
central executive
, Page | 4
⼀Answer:⼀ part of Alan Baddeley's model of working memory that
oversees the visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic
buffer. Responsible for shifting and dividing attention
long-term memory
⼀Answer:⼀ the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
serial position effect
⼀Answer:⼀ a tendency for people to remember best the items
learned first (because of LTM) and the items learned last (because of
STM)
proactive interference
⼀Answer:⼀ the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of
new information
release from proactive interference
⼀Answer:⼀ reducing proactive interference by having information
be dissimilar from earlier material
retroactive interference
⼀Answer:⼀ the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old
information
explicit (declarative) memory
