APHY 101 Ivy Tech 2025 Exam 1
(Chapter 1-3) Questions and Answers
A+ Graded 100% Verified
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANS-Anatomy is the structure and
physiology is the function
What are the levels of organization and define each. - ANS-atom, molecule, macromolecule,
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the characteristics of life and define each. - ANS-growth, reproduction,
responsiveness, movement, metabolism
Growth - ANS-increase in size, not shape
Reproduction - ANS-the process of producing offspring or new cells
Responsiveness - ANS-Reaction to a change inside or outside the body
Movement - ANS-an act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed.
Metabolism - ANS-the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to
maintain life.
What are the requirements of life? Why is each important? - ANS-Water:Most abundant
substance in body; environment for metabolic processes; required for transport of substances;
regulation of body temperature
Food:Provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials for building living
tissue•
Oxygen (gas):One-fifth of air, used to release energy from nutrients
Heat:Helps maintain body temperature, partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure:Application of force on an object:
- Atmospheric pressure - force exerted by weight of air on land animals;important for breathing
- Hydrostatic pressure - force exerted by liquids; keeps blood flowing
Define homeostasis. - ANS-Maintaining a stable internal environment
Metabolism - ANS-All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
, What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ANS-self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the
internal environment and correct them as needed
positive feedback mechanism - ANS-the response enhances the original stimulus so that the
response is accelerated
negative feedback mechanism - ANS-body reverses direction of change
Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter? - ANS-matter: any
substance that has mass and takes up space
atom: smallest unit of ordinary matter
Element: any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
basic unit of matter: atoms
What is the structure of an atom? - ANS-proton, neutron, electron
Define nucleus, proton, neutron and electron. What charges do each of these particles have? -
ANS-nucleus: central core of a stable atom
proton: positive
neutron: no charge
electron: negative
Types of chemical bonds - ANS-
ionic bonding - ANS-electrical attraction between opposite charges; cations and anions
hydrogen bonding - ANS-Bonds hydrogen atom to electronegative atom
covalent bond - ANS-sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
anabolic reactions - ANS-synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones
decomposition reaction (catabolism) - ANS-breaks chemical bonds AB-->A+B
exchange reactions (metathesis reactions) - ANS-cations and anions appear to exchange
partners
What is a reactant? a product? - ANS-• Reactants: starting materials of a chemical reaction: the
atoms, ions, or molecules.
• Products are substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction.
Define catalyst. - ANS-a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
(Chapter 1-3) Questions and Answers
A+ Graded 100% Verified
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANS-Anatomy is the structure and
physiology is the function
What are the levels of organization and define each. - ANS-atom, molecule, macromolecule,
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the characteristics of life and define each. - ANS-growth, reproduction,
responsiveness, movement, metabolism
Growth - ANS-increase in size, not shape
Reproduction - ANS-the process of producing offspring or new cells
Responsiveness - ANS-Reaction to a change inside or outside the body
Movement - ANS-an act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed.
Metabolism - ANS-the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to
maintain life.
What are the requirements of life? Why is each important? - ANS-Water:Most abundant
substance in body; environment for metabolic processes; required for transport of substances;
regulation of body temperature
Food:Provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials for building living
tissue•
Oxygen (gas):One-fifth of air, used to release energy from nutrients
Heat:Helps maintain body temperature, partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure:Application of force on an object:
- Atmospheric pressure - force exerted by weight of air on land animals;important for breathing
- Hydrostatic pressure - force exerted by liquids; keeps blood flowing
Define homeostasis. - ANS-Maintaining a stable internal environment
Metabolism - ANS-All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
, What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ANS-self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the
internal environment and correct them as needed
positive feedback mechanism - ANS-the response enhances the original stimulus so that the
response is accelerated
negative feedback mechanism - ANS-body reverses direction of change
Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter? - ANS-matter: any
substance that has mass and takes up space
atom: smallest unit of ordinary matter
Element: any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
basic unit of matter: atoms
What is the structure of an atom? - ANS-proton, neutron, electron
Define nucleus, proton, neutron and electron. What charges do each of these particles have? -
ANS-nucleus: central core of a stable atom
proton: positive
neutron: no charge
electron: negative
Types of chemical bonds - ANS-
ionic bonding - ANS-electrical attraction between opposite charges; cations and anions
hydrogen bonding - ANS-Bonds hydrogen atom to electronegative atom
covalent bond - ANS-sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
anabolic reactions - ANS-synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones
decomposition reaction (catabolism) - ANS-breaks chemical bonds AB-->A+B
exchange reactions (metathesis reactions) - ANS-cations and anions appear to exchange
partners
What is a reactant? a product? - ANS-• Reactants: starting materials of a chemical reaction: the
atoms, ions, or molecules.
• Products are substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction.
Define catalyst. - ANS-a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
