APHY 101 Midterm Exam Questions with
correct Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded
100% Verified
Anatomy - ANS-examines the structures of body parts
Physiology - ANS-examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it
Levels of organization - ANS-Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle,
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Metabolism - ANS-all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
homeostasis - ANS-The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
homeostatic mechanisms - ANS-receptors, control center, effectors
receptor - ANS-provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal
environment
control center - ANS-set point; a particular value, such as body temperature at 37°C (Celsius)
or 98.6°F (Fahrenheit)
effector - ANS-cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
negative feedback - ANS-If the receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are
activated that can return conditions toward normal. As this happens, the deviation from the set
point progressively lessens, and the effectors gradually shut down.
cranial cavity - ANS-houses the brain
spinal cavity - ANS-houses the spinal cord
thoracic cavity - ANS-contains the lungs and heart
, abdominal cavity - ANS-contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and the small
and large intestines.
pelvic cavity - ANS-contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the
internal reproductive organs.
serous membranes - ANS-line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and fold
back to cover the organs within these cavities. These membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid
that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal layer) from the layer covering the
organ (visceral layer).
Aging at a cellular level - ANS-Cells mark time too, many approaching the end of a limited
number of predetermined cell divisions as their chromosome tips whittle down. Such cells
reaching the end of their division days may enlarge or die. Some cells may be unable to build
the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes in a cell on the verge of division.
Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet at the same time, the inappropriate cell division
that underlies cancer becomes more likely. Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency,
including repair of DNA damage and transport of substances into and out of cells. Aging cells
are less efficient at extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell
parts.
anatomical position - ANS-Body facing forward, feet are parallel to each other, arms are at he
sides with the palms facing forward
Proximal - ANS-Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
distal - ANS-Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
medial - ANS-Closer to the midline of the body
lateral - ANS-Away from the midline of the body
superior - ANS-Higher on the body, nearer to the head
inferior - ANS-Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body;
below.
anterior - ANS-Front of body/ body structure
posterior - ANS-Nearer to or at the back of the body
ventral - ANS-At the belly side
correct Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded
100% Verified
Anatomy - ANS-examines the structures of body parts
Physiology - ANS-examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it
Levels of organization - ANS-Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle,
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Metabolism - ANS-all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
homeostasis - ANS-The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
homeostatic mechanisms - ANS-receptors, control center, effectors
receptor - ANS-provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal
environment
control center - ANS-set point; a particular value, such as body temperature at 37°C (Celsius)
or 98.6°F (Fahrenheit)
effector - ANS-cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
negative feedback - ANS-If the receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are
activated that can return conditions toward normal. As this happens, the deviation from the set
point progressively lessens, and the effectors gradually shut down.
cranial cavity - ANS-houses the brain
spinal cavity - ANS-houses the spinal cord
thoracic cavity - ANS-contains the lungs and heart
, abdominal cavity - ANS-contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and the small
and large intestines.
pelvic cavity - ANS-contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the
internal reproductive organs.
serous membranes - ANS-line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and fold
back to cover the organs within these cavities. These membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid
that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal layer) from the layer covering the
organ (visceral layer).
Aging at a cellular level - ANS-Cells mark time too, many approaching the end of a limited
number of predetermined cell divisions as their chromosome tips whittle down. Such cells
reaching the end of their division days may enlarge or die. Some cells may be unable to build
the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes in a cell on the verge of division.
Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet at the same time, the inappropriate cell division
that underlies cancer becomes more likely. Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency,
including repair of DNA damage and transport of substances into and out of cells. Aging cells
are less efficient at extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell
parts.
anatomical position - ANS-Body facing forward, feet are parallel to each other, arms are at he
sides with the palms facing forward
Proximal - ANS-Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
distal - ANS-Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
medial - ANS-Closer to the midline of the body
lateral - ANS-Away from the midline of the body
superior - ANS-Higher on the body, nearer to the head
inferior - ANS-Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body;
below.
anterior - ANS-Front of body/ body structure
posterior - ANS-Nearer to or at the back of the body
ventral - ANS-At the belly side
