,TESTBANK for Public Administration in America,
12th Edition Michael E. Milakovich
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
1. Which of the following describes how many presidents, such as Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton,
and George W. Bush, have dealt with the bureaucracy during their presidential runs?
a. Focused on supporting the expansion of bureaucracy.
b. Argued for increased oversight on military bureaucracy
c. Expressed desire to see bureaucracy take on more technology to be more efficient.
d. Ran against bureaucracy, arguing to clean up government.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introduction, p. 6
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-1 - Identify and describe the various factors that seem to account for the public’s
holding government bureaucracy in low esteem. Then describe the factors that seem to
explain the public’s higher regard for government bureaucracy, when levels of confidence in
government have been higher.
DATE CREATED: 1/17/2022 11:22 PM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:12 AM
2. What factor most directly explains increased confidence in government and the bureaucracy?
a. Popularity of Congress
b. Popularity of health care programs.
c. Good or improving economic conditions
d. Decreases in bureaucratic discretionary authority.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introduction, p. 9-10
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-1 - Identify and describe the various factors that seem to account for the public’s
holding government bureaucracy in low esteem. Then describe the factors that seem to
explain the public’s higher regard for government bureaucracy, when levels of confidence in
government have been higher.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:12 AM
3. Among the most important differences in the respective working environments of public and private
managers are, first, the “goldfish bowl” of publicity facing the public manager and what other difference?
a. ability to control subordinates’ careers.
b. ability to employ precise evaluation measures.
c. exclusive power to set agency goals.
d. having to operate under much tighter time constraints.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
REFERENCES: Public and Private Administration: Similarities and Differences, p 44.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-11 - Identify the key similarities, and key differences, between public and private
administration.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:13 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:17 AM
4. Which of the following best describes the nature of action for public managers?
a. Actions taken are expected and necessary.
b. Actions taken are always advisable.
c. Actions taken are convenient.
d. Actions taken are politically acceptable.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Managerial Role, p. 16
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-2 - Recognize the key concerns of public managers and the major objectives that
managers, in general terms, must seek to achieve in their organizations.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:18 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:19 AM
5. Public management, unlike public administration, is focused entirely on what concept?
a. Emphasizing a broader range of civic, electoral, and social concerns
b. Organizing for internal control and direction
c. Focusing on problems and decreasing confidence gaps
d. Decreasing distrust of the political process
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Managerial Role, p. 15
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-2 - Recognize the key concerns of public managers and the major objectives that
managers, in general terms, must seek to achieve in their organizations.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:19 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:21 AM
6. Which of the following organizations falls under the Executive Office of the President?
a. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
b. General Services Administration (GSA)
c. Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
d. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Executive Office of the President (EOP) p. 23
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-3 - Identify the five major types of agencies, four formal bases (or foundations) of
organization, and four broad categories of administrative employees that are found in U.S.
public administration.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:21 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:23 AM
7. What is the most common organizational foundation within government agencies?
a. function
b. geographic area
c. clientele
d. work process
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Foundations of Organization, p. 24
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-3 - Identify the five major types of agencies, four formal bases (or foundations) of
organization, and four broad categories of administrative employees that are found in U.S.
public administration.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:23 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:24 AM
8. Which of the following is not a difference between Independent Regulatory entities, relative to other
government bodies?
a. Focus on duties in a detached and objective manner
b. Independence from institutional and political forces
c. Singular leadership
d. Oversight of the economic sector
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Independent Regulatory Boards and Commissions, p. 21-22
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-4 - Explain how independent regulatory agencies differ from cabinet-level
departments.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:24 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:26 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
9. Which of the following is an example of an Independent Regulatory entity?
a. Department of Agriculture
b. Federal Reserve Board
c. Amtrak
d. Office of Personnel Management
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Independent Regulatory Boards and Commissions, p. 21
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-4 - Explain how independent regulatory agencies differ from cabinet-level
departments.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:26 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:28 AM
10. What actor in government has particularly used organizational structure to maximize political outcomes?
a. Cabinet secretaries
b. The President
c. The Speaker of the House
d. Senate Committee Chairs
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Politics, Policies, and Organizational Structure, p. 29
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-5 - Describe, with some examples, why organizational structure, in general, is
politically significant. Then identify the assumptions underlying efforts aimed specifically at
municipal reform in the early twentieth century.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:49 AM
11. Which of the following is not a way organizational form can signify governmental priorities?
a. Demonstrating commitment to issues.
b. Promoting some issues over others
c. Creating new substructures within agencies
d. Providing greater access to influence for some interests over others
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Citizen Participation, p. 74
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-5 - Describe, with some examples, why organizational structure, in general, is
politically significant. Then identify the assumptions underlying efforts aimed specifically at
municipal reform in the early twentieth century.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:50 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:51 AM
12. Which of the following piece of American democracy provides a particularly large challenge to bureaucracy,
relative to administrative systems in parliamentary systems?
a. popular sovereignty
b. checks and balances
c. independent judiciary
d. separation of powers
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Dynamics of Policy Making in the United States, p. 33
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-6 - Identify and describe the major characteristics of the policy-making process in the
U.S. national government.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:51 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:53 AM
13. Which of the following best describes components the making of policy in the United States?
a. centralized mechanisms of production
b. lack of power vacuums
c. difficulty enacting policy in specific areas
d. little discretionary power for bureaucrats
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Dynamics of Policy Making in the United States, p. 33-34
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-6 - Identify and describe the major characteristics of the policy-making process in the
U.S. national government.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:53 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:00 AM
14. The concept of bureaucratic neutrality by definition refers to
a. the rule that members of a bureaucracy are not allowed to have held a previous position in another
branch of government
b. the idea that a bureaucracy should act to implement and serve government directives, but not become
a political force in its own right
c. the idea that bureaucrats should not fraternize with elected officials or private interests.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
d. the rule that if one branch should conflict with another in its directives for the bureaucracy, the
judicial branch decides which branch’s policy the bureaucracy should implement
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Traditional Conceptions of Bureaucracy, p. 35
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-7 - Identify the traditional conceptions of bureaucracy and explain why they are
important.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:00 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:02 AM
15. Which of the following is not an assumption of the traditional bureaucratic system?
a. bureaucratic neutrality
b. legislative intent
c. competency
d. bureaucratic policy making
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Traditional Conceptions of Bureaucracy, p. 35-36
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-7 - Identify the traditional conceptions of bureaucracy and explain why they are
important.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:02 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:03 AM
16. Which of the following has not been cited as a reason for growth of the bureaucracy since the 19th century?
a. Increased technological focus in the bureaucracy
b. Growth of a diversified and representative bureaucracy that fit many diverse interests.
c. The appearance of crises like World War II and 9/11 and bureaucracy’s response
d. A movement away from regulating business and the economy
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Explaining the Growth of Bureaucracy and Information Communication Technology (ICT),
p. 36-37.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-8 - Identify the five factors that help to explain the growth of government
bureaucracy.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:04 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:06 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
17. The following national government executive departments all reflect the phenomenon of “clientelism”
except
a. State.
b. Commerce.
c. Labor.
d. Agriculture.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Explaining the Growth of Bureaucracy and Information Communication Technology (ICT),
p. 37.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-8 - Identify the five factors that help to explain the growth of government
bureaucracy.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:06 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:07 AM
18. What area of government administration has faced particular technological changes and challenges due to
the COVID-19 pandemic?
a. agriculture
b. commerce
c. education
d. transportation
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 40.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-9 - Describe the major aspects of social and technological change that have made the
work of public administrators much more challenging and complex in recent decades.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:10 AM
19. Which of the following is a decentralized database that is distributed across several computers where
transactions are shared among users on a network?
a. blockchain
b. distributed ledger technology (DLT)
c. cloud computing
d. Internet of Things (IoT)
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 41.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-9 - Describe the major aspects of social and technological change that have made the
work of public administrators much more challenging and complex in recent decades.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:10 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:11 AM
20. Technology, and in particular recent developments in computing and access, have helped reinforce what
core value of public bureaucracy?
a. standardization
b. specialization
c. neutrality
d. oversight
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 41.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-10 - Explain how standardization of administrative systems using new technologies
has become strategy for overcoming fragmented and compartmentalized decision-making
procedures within bureaucracies.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:12 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:13 AM
21. The knowledge revolution has generally led to what developments in the public bureaucracy?
a. The public bureaucracy is generally less centralized on decision-making
b. The public bureaucracy is generally less centralized on decision-making
c. The public bureaucracy is more centralized within the military bureaucracy but not in other areas.
d. Agencies run out of the office of the President are generally more centralized, but others are less
centralized.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 41.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-10 - Explain how standardization of administrative systems using new technologies
has become strategy for overcoming fragmented and compartmentalized decision-making
procedures within bureaucracies.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:13 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:15 AM
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of private administration and management, versus public
administration?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
12th Edition Michael E. Milakovich
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
1. Which of the following describes how many presidents, such as Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton,
and George W. Bush, have dealt with the bureaucracy during their presidential runs?
a. Focused on supporting the expansion of bureaucracy.
b. Argued for increased oversight on military bureaucracy
c. Expressed desire to see bureaucracy take on more technology to be more efficient.
d. Ran against bureaucracy, arguing to clean up government.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introduction, p. 6
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-1 - Identify and describe the various factors that seem to account for the public’s
holding government bureaucracy in low esteem. Then describe the factors that seem to
explain the public’s higher regard for government bureaucracy, when levels of confidence in
government have been higher.
DATE CREATED: 1/17/2022 11:22 PM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:12 AM
2. What factor most directly explains increased confidence in government and the bureaucracy?
a. Popularity of Congress
b. Popularity of health care programs.
c. Good or improving economic conditions
d. Decreases in bureaucratic discretionary authority.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introduction, p. 9-10
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-1 - Identify and describe the various factors that seem to account for the public’s
holding government bureaucracy in low esteem. Then describe the factors that seem to
explain the public’s higher regard for government bureaucracy, when levels of confidence in
government have been higher.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:12 AM
3. Among the most important differences in the respective working environments of public and private
managers are, first, the “goldfish bowl” of publicity facing the public manager and what other difference?
a. ability to control subordinates’ careers.
b. ability to employ precise evaluation measures.
c. exclusive power to set agency goals.
d. having to operate under much tighter time constraints.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
REFERENCES: Public and Private Administration: Similarities and Differences, p 44.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-11 - Identify the key similarities, and key differences, between public and private
administration.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:13 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:17 AM
4. Which of the following best describes the nature of action for public managers?
a. Actions taken are expected and necessary.
b. Actions taken are always advisable.
c. Actions taken are convenient.
d. Actions taken are politically acceptable.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Managerial Role, p. 16
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-2 - Recognize the key concerns of public managers and the major objectives that
managers, in general terms, must seek to achieve in their organizations.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:18 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:19 AM
5. Public management, unlike public administration, is focused entirely on what concept?
a. Emphasizing a broader range of civic, electoral, and social concerns
b. Organizing for internal control and direction
c. Focusing on problems and decreasing confidence gaps
d. Decreasing distrust of the political process
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Managerial Role, p. 15
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-2 - Recognize the key concerns of public managers and the major objectives that
managers, in general terms, must seek to achieve in their organizations.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:19 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:21 AM
6. Which of the following organizations falls under the Executive Office of the President?
a. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
b. General Services Administration (GSA)
c. Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
d. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Executive Office of the President (EOP) p. 23
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-3 - Identify the five major types of agencies, four formal bases (or foundations) of
organization, and four broad categories of administrative employees that are found in U.S.
public administration.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:21 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:23 AM
7. What is the most common organizational foundation within government agencies?
a. function
b. geographic area
c. clientele
d. work process
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Foundations of Organization, p. 24
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-3 - Identify the five major types of agencies, four formal bases (or foundations) of
organization, and four broad categories of administrative employees that are found in U.S.
public administration.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:23 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:24 AM
8. Which of the following is not a difference between Independent Regulatory entities, relative to other
government bodies?
a. Focus on duties in a detached and objective manner
b. Independence from institutional and political forces
c. Singular leadership
d. Oversight of the economic sector
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Independent Regulatory Boards and Commissions, p. 21-22
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-4 - Explain how independent regulatory agencies differ from cabinet-level
departments.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:24 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:26 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
9. Which of the following is an example of an Independent Regulatory entity?
a. Department of Agriculture
b. Federal Reserve Board
c. Amtrak
d. Office of Personnel Management
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Independent Regulatory Boards and Commissions, p. 21
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-4 - Explain how independent regulatory agencies differ from cabinet-level
departments.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:26 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:28 AM
10. What actor in government has particularly used organizational structure to maximize political outcomes?
a. Cabinet secretaries
b. The President
c. The Speaker of the House
d. Senate Committee Chairs
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Politics, Policies, and Organizational Structure, p. 29
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-5 - Describe, with some examples, why organizational structure, in general, is
politically significant. Then identify the assumptions underlying efforts aimed specifically at
municipal reform in the early twentieth century.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:49 AM
11. Which of the following is not a way organizational form can signify governmental priorities?
a. Demonstrating commitment to issues.
b. Promoting some issues over others
c. Creating new substructures within agencies
d. Providing greater access to influence for some interests over others
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Citizen Participation, p. 74
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-5 - Describe, with some examples, why organizational structure, in general, is
politically significant. Then identify the assumptions underlying efforts aimed specifically at
municipal reform in the early twentieth century.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:50 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:51 AM
12. Which of the following piece of American democracy provides a particularly large challenge to bureaucracy,
relative to administrative systems in parliamentary systems?
a. popular sovereignty
b. checks and balances
c. independent judiciary
d. separation of powers
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Dynamics of Policy Making in the United States, p. 33
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-6 - Identify and describe the major characteristics of the policy-making process in the
U.S. national government.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:51 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 12:53 AM
13. Which of the following best describes components the making of policy in the United States?
a. centralized mechanisms of production
b. lack of power vacuums
c. difficulty enacting policy in specific areas
d. little discretionary power for bureaucrats
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Dynamics of Policy Making in the United States, p. 33-34
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-6 - Identify and describe the major characteristics of the policy-making process in the
U.S. national government.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 12:53 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:00 AM
14. The concept of bureaucratic neutrality by definition refers to
a. the rule that members of a bureaucracy are not allowed to have held a previous position in another
branch of government
b. the idea that a bureaucracy should act to implement and serve government directives, but not become
a political force in its own right
c. the idea that bureaucrats should not fraternize with elected officials or private interests.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
d. the rule that if one branch should conflict with another in its directives for the bureaucracy, the
judicial branch decides which branch’s policy the bureaucracy should implement
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Traditional Conceptions of Bureaucracy, p. 35
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-7 - Identify the traditional conceptions of bureaucracy and explain why they are
important.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:00 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:02 AM
15. Which of the following is not an assumption of the traditional bureaucratic system?
a. bureaucratic neutrality
b. legislative intent
c. competency
d. bureaucratic policy making
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Traditional Conceptions of Bureaucracy, p. 35-36
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-7 - Identify the traditional conceptions of bureaucracy and explain why they are
important.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:02 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:03 AM
16. Which of the following has not been cited as a reason for growth of the bureaucracy since the 19th century?
a. Increased technological focus in the bureaucracy
b. Growth of a diversified and representative bureaucracy that fit many diverse interests.
c. The appearance of crises like World War II and 9/11 and bureaucracy’s response
d. A movement away from regulating business and the economy
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Explaining the Growth of Bureaucracy and Information Communication Technology (ICT),
p. 36-37.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-8 - Identify the five factors that help to explain the growth of government
bureaucracy.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:04 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:06 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
17. The following national government executive departments all reflect the phenomenon of “clientelism”
except
a. State.
b. Commerce.
c. Labor.
d. Agriculture.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Explaining the Growth of Bureaucracy and Information Communication Technology (ICT),
p. 37.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-8 - Identify the five factors that help to explain the growth of government
bureaucracy.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:06 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:07 AM
18. What area of government administration has faced particular technological changes and challenges due to
the COVID-19 pandemic?
a. agriculture
b. commerce
c. education
d. transportation
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 40.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-9 - Describe the major aspects of social and technological change that have made the
work of public administrators much more challenging and complex in recent decades.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:10 AM
19. Which of the following is a decentralized database that is distributed across several computers where
transactions are shared among users on a network?
a. blockchain
b. distributed ledger technology (DLT)
c. cloud computing
d. Internet of Things (IoT)
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 41.
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, Name: Class: Date:
CHAPTER 1 APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-9 - Describe the major aspects of social and technological change that have made the
work of public administrators much more challenging and complex in recent decades.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:10 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:11 AM
20. Technology, and in particular recent developments in computing and access, have helped reinforce what
core value of public bureaucracy?
a. standardization
b. specialization
c. neutrality
d. oversight
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 41.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-10 - Explain how standardization of administrative systems using new technologies
has become strategy for overcoming fragmented and compartmentalized decision-making
procedures within bureaucracies.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:12 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:13 AM
21. The knowledge revolution has generally led to what developments in the public bureaucracy?
a. The public bureaucracy is generally less centralized on decision-making
b. The public bureaucracy is generally less centralized on decision-making
c. The public bureaucracy is more centralized within the military bureaucracy but not in other areas.
d. Agencies run out of the office of the President are generally more centralized, but others are less
centralized.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Social Change, Advanced Technologies, and Public Administration., p. 41.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: L.O. 1-10 - Explain how standardization of administrative systems using new technologies
has become strategy for overcoming fragmented and compartmentalized decision-making
procedures within bureaucracies.
DATE CREATED: 1/18/2022 1:13 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/18/2022 1:15 AM
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of private administration and management, versus public
administration?
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