8/10/25, 9:59
AM
HURST REVIEW NCLEX EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (419)
Fluid Volume Excess Too much fluid in the vascular space caused by:
(hypervolemia) HF, RF, and High Na intake (meds, food, IVF
with Na) and Hormones (aldosterone and
ADH)
How does HF cause FVE bc the weak heart cant perfuse the the kids therefore
(Fluid Volume Excess)? decreased Urine out put.
How does RF cause FVE? the kidneys are not functioning therefore no
urine out put and fluid remains in vasc space
Aldosterone created in adrenal glands on Kidneys, it is a
steroid and mineralocosteroid; retains water
and sodium. therefore increases BP
anti diuretic therefore RETAINS water only.
found in pituitary therefore any head trauma,
AHD surgery, or increased ICP can lead to ADH
issues.
Dx name for it is Vasopressin or "Pressins"
Too much ADH SIADH, therefore reatains water in vasc space.
Urine is concentrated (increased serum spef)
and blood is diluted (decreased Blood HCT).
1/
18
,8/10/25, 9:59
AM
Too little ADH Diabetes insipidus; diuresis fluid leads to FVD
(shock), Urine will be dilute (urine spef will
decrease) and blood will be conc. (HCT will
be increased).
the three labs that Na, Hct, Urine spef
concentration
(increases) and dilution
(decreases)
incresaed: BP, P, RR, CVP (2-6), DW, JVP
wet lungs, polyuria,
FVE SS P is bounding
and full 3rd
spacing
low Na, fluid
restriction
FVE trx I&O and DW
Diur
etics
bed
rest
FVD (hypovolemia) not enough fluid in vasc space which can lead
to shock and is casued by fluid loss, 3rd space,
Disease with polyuria.
wt
decrease
s, poor
skin turg,
FVD ss dry mm
decrease
2/
18
, 8/10/25, 9:59
AM
d Urine
decrease BP
& CVP, Tachy
and
weak/thready,
cool clammy r/t
vasocons
increase
urine spef.
preven
FVD trx t loss,
replac
e fluid
safety precs (falls r/t loc),
acts like a sedative and
Hypermagnesemis think of muscles; excreted
by kidneys therefore:
RF and antacids can be the problem.
vasodil--> warm/flushing;
Hypermagnesemia ss decreased DTRS, flaccid tone, decreased
LOC/P/RR, and arrythmias (same
as....hypo )
Hypermagnesemia trx ventilator, dialysis, Ca Gluc (antidote), safety precs
(sedation)
Sedative, think of the muscles;
Hypercalcemia caused by hyperparatyroidism too much PTH
therefore pulls from bones into blood;
Thiazides retains Ca, and immobility
3/
18
AM
HURST REVIEW NCLEX EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (419)
Fluid Volume Excess Too much fluid in the vascular space caused by:
(hypervolemia) HF, RF, and High Na intake (meds, food, IVF
with Na) and Hormones (aldosterone and
ADH)
How does HF cause FVE bc the weak heart cant perfuse the the kids therefore
(Fluid Volume Excess)? decreased Urine out put.
How does RF cause FVE? the kidneys are not functioning therefore no
urine out put and fluid remains in vasc space
Aldosterone created in adrenal glands on Kidneys, it is a
steroid and mineralocosteroid; retains water
and sodium. therefore increases BP
anti diuretic therefore RETAINS water only.
found in pituitary therefore any head trauma,
AHD surgery, or increased ICP can lead to ADH
issues.
Dx name for it is Vasopressin or "Pressins"
Too much ADH SIADH, therefore reatains water in vasc space.
Urine is concentrated (increased serum spef)
and blood is diluted (decreased Blood HCT).
1/
18
,8/10/25, 9:59
AM
Too little ADH Diabetes insipidus; diuresis fluid leads to FVD
(shock), Urine will be dilute (urine spef will
decrease) and blood will be conc. (HCT will
be increased).
the three labs that Na, Hct, Urine spef
concentration
(increases) and dilution
(decreases)
incresaed: BP, P, RR, CVP (2-6), DW, JVP
wet lungs, polyuria,
FVE SS P is bounding
and full 3rd
spacing
low Na, fluid
restriction
FVE trx I&O and DW
Diur
etics
bed
rest
FVD (hypovolemia) not enough fluid in vasc space which can lead
to shock and is casued by fluid loss, 3rd space,
Disease with polyuria.
wt
decrease
s, poor
skin turg,
FVD ss dry mm
decrease
2/
18
, 8/10/25, 9:59
AM
d Urine
decrease BP
& CVP, Tachy
and
weak/thready,
cool clammy r/t
vasocons
increase
urine spef.
preven
FVD trx t loss,
replac
e fluid
safety precs (falls r/t loc),
acts like a sedative and
Hypermagnesemis think of muscles; excreted
by kidneys therefore:
RF and antacids can be the problem.
vasodil--> warm/flushing;
Hypermagnesemia ss decreased DTRS, flaccid tone, decreased
LOC/P/RR, and arrythmias (same
as....hypo )
Hypermagnesemia trx ventilator, dialysis, Ca Gluc (antidote), safety precs
(sedation)
Sedative, think of the muscles;
Hypercalcemia caused by hyperparatyroidism too much PTH
therefore pulls from bones into blood;
Thiazides retains Ca, and immobility
3/
18
