8/10/25, 10:00
AM
HURST REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (1354)
fluid volume excess also - HYPERvolemia
another word for
?
definition of fluid volume - too much fluid in the vascular space ( any vessel in our
excess body ex: vein , artery)
what are 2 causes of fluid - heart failure
volume excess? - renal failure
- the heart is weak
- the cardiac output is DOWN
heart failure ( HF) means - kidney perfusion is DOWN
what? - urinary output is DOWN
- the volume stays in the vascular space
renal failure( RF) means - kidneys arent working
what?
what are three things - canned process foods
that contain A LOT of - IVF with sodium
sodium? - fleet enemas
Aldosterone ( steroid, - adrenal glands ( on top of the kidneys)
mineralocorticoid) is
found where?
1/
18
,8/10/25, 10:00
AM
When your blood volume gets low through
what is the normal action for example vomiting or hemorrhage, the
of aldosterone ? aldosterone secretion increases and makes
your body retain sodium and water and
therefore increases the blood volume
aldosterone makes us SODIUM AND WATER
retain what?
when aldosterone - up
secretion increases------> - vascular space
retain sodium/water >
blood volume
goes ________ ----> retain in
______________________
2/
18
, 8/10/25, 10:00
AM
what two diseases have - cushings ( too much steroids)
too much aldosterone? - hyperaldosterosteronism ( aka: CONNS)
what disease has too little - Addisons disease ( not enough aldosterone
aldosterone? means you lose NA & water directly from the
vascular space)
when taking a Anti- - retain
diuretic hormone (
ADH) do you retain
or diurese?
when taking a anti- - water
diuretic what do you
retain ?
- RETAIN water
- fluid volume EXCESS
when you have too - Syndrome of inappropriate ADH ( TOO MANY
much ADH what LETTERS TOO MUCH WATER )
happens in the
- urine is CONCENTRATED ( too much ADH and NA )
body ?
- blood is DILUTED
- DIURESE water
- fluid volume DEFICIT
when you have not - DI ( diabetes insipidus) DIurese
enough ADH what
- urine is DILUTED
happens in the body ?
- blood is CONCENTRATED
when checking the - UP
urine specific gravity,
sodium, and hematocrit
on lets say a urine test
3/
18
AM
HURST REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (1354)
fluid volume excess also - HYPERvolemia
another word for
?
definition of fluid volume - too much fluid in the vascular space ( any vessel in our
excess body ex: vein , artery)
what are 2 causes of fluid - heart failure
volume excess? - renal failure
- the heart is weak
- the cardiac output is DOWN
heart failure ( HF) means - kidney perfusion is DOWN
what? - urinary output is DOWN
- the volume stays in the vascular space
renal failure( RF) means - kidneys arent working
what?
what are three things - canned process foods
that contain A LOT of - IVF with sodium
sodium? - fleet enemas
Aldosterone ( steroid, - adrenal glands ( on top of the kidneys)
mineralocorticoid) is
found where?
1/
18
,8/10/25, 10:00
AM
When your blood volume gets low through
what is the normal action for example vomiting or hemorrhage, the
of aldosterone ? aldosterone secretion increases and makes
your body retain sodium and water and
therefore increases the blood volume
aldosterone makes us SODIUM AND WATER
retain what?
when aldosterone - up
secretion increases------> - vascular space
retain sodium/water >
blood volume
goes ________ ----> retain in
______________________
2/
18
, 8/10/25, 10:00
AM
what two diseases have - cushings ( too much steroids)
too much aldosterone? - hyperaldosterosteronism ( aka: CONNS)
what disease has too little - Addisons disease ( not enough aldosterone
aldosterone? means you lose NA & water directly from the
vascular space)
when taking a Anti- - retain
diuretic hormone (
ADH) do you retain
or diurese?
when taking a anti- - water
diuretic what do you
retain ?
- RETAIN water
- fluid volume EXCESS
when you have too - Syndrome of inappropriate ADH ( TOO MANY
much ADH what LETTERS TOO MUCH WATER )
happens in the
- urine is CONCENTRATED ( too much ADH and NA )
body ?
- blood is DILUTED
- DIURESE water
- fluid volume DEFICIT
when you have not - DI ( diabetes insipidus) DIurese
enough ADH what
- urine is DILUTED
happens in the body ?
- blood is CONCENTRATED
when checking the - UP
urine specific gravity,
sodium, and hematocrit
on lets say a urine test
3/
18
