BIO 189 Final Exam Review
why correlation does not necessarily mean causation? *** When we say that correlation does not imply
causation, we mean that just because you can see a connection or a mutual relationship between two
variables, it does not mean that one is caused by the other.
How would you recognize the difference between correlation and causation in data provided to you?
*** You are able to recognize the difference between correlation and causation in data provided to me
by analyzing the variables and looking if one variables affects the other and if it doesn't then there is
correlation but not causation
What is a hypothesis? *** A hypothesis is falsifiable and written so that it could be found incorrect by an
observation or experiment
What is a theory? *** A theory is a general set of principles supported by evidence, it contains a high
degree of certainty and many experimental trials.
What does falsifiable hypothesis mean? *** It means that it has some proposition to be proven wrong
What topics are scientists unable to design falsifiable hypothesis for? why? *** Anything that has do
with mortality because it is impossible to track it down
What an independent variable? *** the variable that you change/manipulate in the experiment
What is a dependent variable? *** the variable that is being measure to determine if it is been affected
by the independent variable
What is a standardized variable? *** Any variable that stays constant through the experiment
,What is a control group (placebo)? *** A group they use to compare the treatment group(s), they might
remain untreated or receive a placebo(fake drug)
How is the scientific inquiry (the scientific method) done? *** -Make an observation
-Ask a question
-Consult prior knowledge
-Formulate a hypothesis
-Make a predictions
-Design experiment
-Collect data and interpret data
-Consult prior knowledge
-Draw conclusions
-Peer Review
-Publish
What is the blind method? *** A study in which the participants in the clinical trial do not know if they
are receiving the placebo or the real treatment
Why would scientists implement the blind method in their experimental design? *** To avoid bias in a
experiment
What is a double blind? *** Study in which both the participant and the experimenters do not know
which group got the placebo and which got the experimental treatment.
What is a triple blind? *** Study in which neither the participants, the experimenters or the data
analysts know which group is which in the experiment
, What is non polar covalentbond? *** when two electrons are shared equally between two atoms
What is a polar covalent bond? *** unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
What is an ionic bond? *** Occurs when a more electronegative atom "steals" the other atom's electron
(no sharing), oppose charges held them together
How would you recognize what type of bond you are seeing between two atoms? *** -By definition a
ionic bond is between two particles of opposite charge while a covalent is between two nonmetals.
-We can also look at their electronegativity. You subtract their negativity and put them in one of this
categories:
0.0-0.3=non-polar covalent
0.4-1.7= polar covalent
1.7 and greater= ionic bond
What is electronegativity? *** how badly does an atom want/attract EXTRA electrons
How can we see use the periodic table to help us estimate an element's level of electronegativity's? How
do row and column positions affect this estimate? *** We can determine electronegativity by the
number of valence electrons and electron shells matters. Row and column positions affect this by
electronegativity levels decrease as we move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table and it
increases as we move from left to the right of the periodic table.
What is atomic mass? *** protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number? *** number of protons
What is an ion? *** A charged particle that contains an unequal number of electrons and protons
why correlation does not necessarily mean causation? *** When we say that correlation does not imply
causation, we mean that just because you can see a connection or a mutual relationship between two
variables, it does not mean that one is caused by the other.
How would you recognize the difference between correlation and causation in data provided to you?
*** You are able to recognize the difference between correlation and causation in data provided to me
by analyzing the variables and looking if one variables affects the other and if it doesn't then there is
correlation but not causation
What is a hypothesis? *** A hypothesis is falsifiable and written so that it could be found incorrect by an
observation or experiment
What is a theory? *** A theory is a general set of principles supported by evidence, it contains a high
degree of certainty and many experimental trials.
What does falsifiable hypothesis mean? *** It means that it has some proposition to be proven wrong
What topics are scientists unable to design falsifiable hypothesis for? why? *** Anything that has do
with mortality because it is impossible to track it down
What an independent variable? *** the variable that you change/manipulate in the experiment
What is a dependent variable? *** the variable that is being measure to determine if it is been affected
by the independent variable
What is a standardized variable? *** Any variable that stays constant through the experiment
,What is a control group (placebo)? *** A group they use to compare the treatment group(s), they might
remain untreated or receive a placebo(fake drug)
How is the scientific inquiry (the scientific method) done? *** -Make an observation
-Ask a question
-Consult prior knowledge
-Formulate a hypothesis
-Make a predictions
-Design experiment
-Collect data and interpret data
-Consult prior knowledge
-Draw conclusions
-Peer Review
-Publish
What is the blind method? *** A study in which the participants in the clinical trial do not know if they
are receiving the placebo or the real treatment
Why would scientists implement the blind method in their experimental design? *** To avoid bias in a
experiment
What is a double blind? *** Study in which both the participant and the experimenters do not know
which group got the placebo and which got the experimental treatment.
What is a triple blind? *** Study in which neither the participants, the experimenters or the data
analysts know which group is which in the experiment
, What is non polar covalentbond? *** when two electrons are shared equally between two atoms
What is a polar covalent bond? *** unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
What is an ionic bond? *** Occurs when a more electronegative atom "steals" the other atom's electron
(no sharing), oppose charges held them together
How would you recognize what type of bond you are seeing between two atoms? *** -By definition a
ionic bond is between two particles of opposite charge while a covalent is between two nonmetals.
-We can also look at their electronegativity. You subtract their negativity and put them in one of this
categories:
0.0-0.3=non-polar covalent
0.4-1.7= polar covalent
1.7 and greater= ionic bond
What is electronegativity? *** how badly does an atom want/attract EXTRA electrons
How can we see use the periodic table to help us estimate an element's level of electronegativity's? How
do row and column positions affect this estimate? *** We can determine electronegativity by the
number of valence electrons and electron shells matters. Row and column positions affect this by
electronegativity levels decrease as we move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table and it
increases as we move from left to the right of the periodic table.
What is atomic mass? *** protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number? *** number of protons
What is an ion? *** A charged particle that contains an unequal number of electrons and protons
