Prescott's Microbiology Chapters 1-3
Microorganisms - (correct Answer) - Organisms and acellular (not a cell) entities, too small to be seen
clearly by the unaided eye. Usually <1mm in diameter.
Prokaryotes - (correct Answer) - Before a true nucleus. An "open" floor plan. Compartments not divided
by membranes. Bacteria (usual) & Archae (unusual).
Eukaryotes - (correct Answer) - Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (separate cellular
material and proceses from others).
5 Kingdoms - (correct Answer) - 1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Fungi
4. Protista
5. Monera
3 Domains - (correct Answer) - 1. Bacteria
2. Archae
3. Eukarya
Bacteria - (correct Answer) - Single celled organisms w/ peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Microbes that
cause illness.
Archae - (correct Answer) - Distinctive RNA, lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls & have unique
membrane lipids.
Eukarya - (correct Answer) - Microorganisms --> protists or fungi. Also includes plants & animals.
Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - (correct Answer) - 1. Large bacteria and small prokaryotes separate
2. Symbiosis begins (prokaryotes touch Eukaryote)
3. Cooperative learning
4. Prokaryotes are one w/ Eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis - (correct Answer) - An interaction between 2 organisms when one lives inside the other.
Spontaneous Generation - (correct Answer) - Living organisms arise from nonliving organisms.
Robert Hooke - (correct Answer) - Looked @ fungi
, Francesco Stelluti - (correct Answer) - Looked @ bees & weevils
Van Leewenhoek - (correct Answer) - First to look at bacteria and protists (1673)
Bassi (1835) - (correct Answer) - Demonstrated that silk worm disease was due to a fungal disease.
Joseph Lister - (correct Answer) - Provided indirect evidence on trying to prevent wound infections. Heat
sterilized instruments and used phenol on surgical dressings.
Koch's Postulates - (correct Answer) - Established the relationship between Bacillus anthracis and
anthrax.
1. Microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease BUT absent in healthy individuals.
2. Suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
3. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into the healthy host.
4. Same microorganisms must be isolated again from the diseased host.
Objective lens - (correct Answer) - Lens closest to the specimen
Bright field microscopy - (correct Answer) - Forms a dark image against a bright background
Resolution - (correct Answer) - Ability of a lens to separate or distinguish between small objects that are
close together
Dark field microscopy - (correct Answer) - Bright object w/ dark background
Phase contrast - (correct Answer) - Looks @ differences in refractive indices and cell density
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) - (correct Answer) - Looks @ differences in refractive indices &
thickness
Fluorescence Microscope - (correct Answer) - Uses emitted light to create images, objects seen because
they emit light.
Confocal microscopy - (correct Answer) - Three-dimensional
Fixation - (correct Answer) - Process by which the internal & external structures of specimens are
preserved and fixed in position.
1. Heat fixation
2. Chemical fixation
Heat fixation - (correct Answer) - Preserves overall morphology, inactivates enzymes
Simple staining - (correct Answer) - A single dye is used to determine the size, shape, and arrangement of
bacterial and archael cells
Negative staining - (correct Answer) - Stains the BACKGROUND BUT not the cell
Microorganisms - (correct Answer) - Organisms and acellular (not a cell) entities, too small to be seen
clearly by the unaided eye. Usually <1mm in diameter.
Prokaryotes - (correct Answer) - Before a true nucleus. An "open" floor plan. Compartments not divided
by membranes. Bacteria (usual) & Archae (unusual).
Eukaryotes - (correct Answer) - Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (separate cellular
material and proceses from others).
5 Kingdoms - (correct Answer) - 1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Fungi
4. Protista
5. Monera
3 Domains - (correct Answer) - 1. Bacteria
2. Archae
3. Eukarya
Bacteria - (correct Answer) - Single celled organisms w/ peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Microbes that
cause illness.
Archae - (correct Answer) - Distinctive RNA, lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls & have unique
membrane lipids.
Eukarya - (correct Answer) - Microorganisms --> protists or fungi. Also includes plants & animals.
Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - (correct Answer) - 1. Large bacteria and small prokaryotes separate
2. Symbiosis begins (prokaryotes touch Eukaryote)
3. Cooperative learning
4. Prokaryotes are one w/ Eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis - (correct Answer) - An interaction between 2 organisms when one lives inside the other.
Spontaneous Generation - (correct Answer) - Living organisms arise from nonliving organisms.
Robert Hooke - (correct Answer) - Looked @ fungi
, Francesco Stelluti - (correct Answer) - Looked @ bees & weevils
Van Leewenhoek - (correct Answer) - First to look at bacteria and protists (1673)
Bassi (1835) - (correct Answer) - Demonstrated that silk worm disease was due to a fungal disease.
Joseph Lister - (correct Answer) - Provided indirect evidence on trying to prevent wound infections. Heat
sterilized instruments and used phenol on surgical dressings.
Koch's Postulates - (correct Answer) - Established the relationship between Bacillus anthracis and
anthrax.
1. Microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease BUT absent in healthy individuals.
2. Suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
3. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into the healthy host.
4. Same microorganisms must be isolated again from the diseased host.
Objective lens - (correct Answer) - Lens closest to the specimen
Bright field microscopy - (correct Answer) - Forms a dark image against a bright background
Resolution - (correct Answer) - Ability of a lens to separate or distinguish between small objects that are
close together
Dark field microscopy - (correct Answer) - Bright object w/ dark background
Phase contrast - (correct Answer) - Looks @ differences in refractive indices and cell density
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) - (correct Answer) - Looks @ differences in refractive indices &
thickness
Fluorescence Microscope - (correct Answer) - Uses emitted light to create images, objects seen because
they emit light.
Confocal microscopy - (correct Answer) - Three-dimensional
Fixation - (correct Answer) - Process by which the internal & external structures of specimens are
preserved and fixed in position.
1. Heat fixation
2. Chemical fixation
Heat fixation - (correct Answer) - Preserves overall morphology, inactivates enzymes
Simple staining - (correct Answer) - A single dye is used to determine the size, shape, and arrangement of
bacterial and archael cells
Negative staining - (correct Answer) - Stains the BACKGROUND BUT not the cell
