LR BSN 206 Hallmark Final
Asepsis - answer absence of significant contamination
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) - answer-an infection acquired while the client
is receiving care in a health-care setting
-formally called nosocomial infections
-can come from exogenous source or endogenous source
-most common setting for HAIs is the ICU
-best way to prevent HAIs is through frequent and effective hand hygiene
-most common site of HAIs is the urinary tract
-most common causative agents are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and
enterococci
-an iatrogenic infection results from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
-HAIs are not always preventable and not always iatrogenic
chain of infection - answer infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
What are the two types of aseptic techniques nurses practice? - answermedical and
surgical asepsis
What is medical asepsis/clean technique? - answerprocedures used to reduce the
number and prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Examples: Hand hygiene, use of barrier techniques such as gloving and gowning, and
routine environmental cleaning
principals of surgical aseptic technique - answerremains sterile only when touched by a
sterile object
only sterile object can be placed in a sterile field
out of vision or below waist is now contaminated
prolonged exposure = contamination
edges to 1 inch are considered contaminated
LABORATORY VALUES:
WBC - answer5,000 to 10,000 per mm^3
,***Increases during acute infection***
***Decreases in certain viral and overwhelming infections***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) - answerMen: Up to 15 mm per hour
Women: up to 20 mm per hour
***Elevated during presence of inflammatory process***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Iron Level - answer60 to 90 G per 100 mL
***Decreases in chronic infection***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Cultures of Urine and Blood - answerNormally sterile without microorganisms growth
***Indicates prescence of infectious microorganism growth***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Cultures and Gram Stain of Wound, Sputum, and Throat - answerWBC present on
Gram Stain; possible normal flora
***Indicates presence of infectious microorganisms growth and WBC's on Gram stain***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Neutrophils - answer55% to 70%
***Increases during acute suppurative infections***
***Decreases in overwhelming infections in older adults***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Lymphocytes - answer20% to 40%
***Increases during chronic bacterial and viral infections***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Monocytes - answer2% to 8%
,***Increases during protozoal, rickettsial, and turberculosis infections***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Eosinophils - answer1% to 4%
***Increases during parasitic infections***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Basophils - answer0.5% to 1%
***Normal during infection***
standard precautions (tier 1) - answerCDC precautions used in the care of all patients
regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines
universal and body substance precautions
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) - answeran infection caused by
specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
***Colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant organisms such as MRSA in the
sputum requires contact precautions because of potential direct or environmental
contact with sputum. It is recommended that the health care worker wear a mask if
within 3 feet of the patient.***
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
1. A patient was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The patient has been drinking
fruit juice and has increased his intake of fluids but has failed to take his antibiotic as
prescribed because it caused gastric upset. Three days later, the patient presents to the
clinic with fever, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. What might you suspect?
The patient probably has the flu.
The patient may now have a systemic infection.
The patient is displaying signs of a localized infection.
The patient is experiencing an allergic response to his medication. - answerThe patient
may now have a systemic infection.
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
2. The nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. To perform this procedure, the
nurse will use:
Surgical asepsis (sterile technique).
, Medical asepsis (clean technique).
Droplet precautions.
Standard precautions. - answerSurgical asepsis (sterile technique).
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
3. The nurse is working in a busy emergency room. On entering station 1, the nurse
dons a pair of clean disposable gloves. The nurse sees that the patient has a gunshot
wound to the chest and is concerned there may be splattering of infectious materials.
The nurse applies goggles, a mask, and a gown. What is this called?
Following standard precautions.
Using medical asepsis.
Using surgical asepsis.
Infection control to prevent a health care-acquired infection. - answerFollowing standard
precautions.
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
4. A nurse assists a patient with a Foley catheter to ambulate down the hall. The nurse
holds the catheter bag below the level of the patient s bladder. What link in the chain of
infection is the nurse breaking by doing so?
Portal of exit.
Portal of entry.
Reservoir.
Host susceptibility. - answerPortal of entry.
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
5. The nurse manager is reviewing the use of standard precautions with the staff. Which
of the following should be included in the review? (Select all that apply.) -
answerStandard precautions are used to protect you from potential contact with blood
and body fluids
Standard precautions should be observed in every patient encounters
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
6. A small group of nursing students is giving a teaching presentation on the principles
of surgical asepsis. Which of the following standards are appropriate to include in the
presentation? (Select all that apply.)
A sterile barrier that has been permeated by moisture must be considered
contaminated.
Asepsis - answer absence of significant contamination
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) - answer-an infection acquired while the client
is receiving care in a health-care setting
-formally called nosocomial infections
-can come from exogenous source or endogenous source
-most common setting for HAIs is the ICU
-best way to prevent HAIs is through frequent and effective hand hygiene
-most common site of HAIs is the urinary tract
-most common causative agents are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and
enterococci
-an iatrogenic infection results from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
-HAIs are not always preventable and not always iatrogenic
chain of infection - answer infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
What are the two types of aseptic techniques nurses practice? - answermedical and
surgical asepsis
What is medical asepsis/clean technique? - answerprocedures used to reduce the
number and prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Examples: Hand hygiene, use of barrier techniques such as gloving and gowning, and
routine environmental cleaning
principals of surgical aseptic technique - answerremains sterile only when touched by a
sterile object
only sterile object can be placed in a sterile field
out of vision or below waist is now contaminated
prolonged exposure = contamination
edges to 1 inch are considered contaminated
LABORATORY VALUES:
WBC - answer5,000 to 10,000 per mm^3
,***Increases during acute infection***
***Decreases in certain viral and overwhelming infections***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) - answerMen: Up to 15 mm per hour
Women: up to 20 mm per hour
***Elevated during presence of inflammatory process***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Iron Level - answer60 to 90 G per 100 mL
***Decreases in chronic infection***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Cultures of Urine and Blood - answerNormally sterile without microorganisms growth
***Indicates prescence of infectious microorganism growth***
LABORATORY VALUES:
Cultures and Gram Stain of Wound, Sputum, and Throat - answerWBC present on
Gram Stain; possible normal flora
***Indicates presence of infectious microorganisms growth and WBC's on Gram stain***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Neutrophils - answer55% to 70%
***Increases during acute suppurative infections***
***Decreases in overwhelming infections in older adults***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Lymphocytes - answer20% to 40%
***Increases during chronic bacterial and viral infections***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Monocytes - answer2% to 8%
,***Increases during protozoal, rickettsial, and turberculosis infections***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Eosinophils - answer1% to 4%
***Increases during parasitic infections***
LABORATORY VALUES: Differental Count (% of each type of WBC)
Basophils - answer0.5% to 1%
***Normal during infection***
standard precautions (tier 1) - answerCDC precautions used in the care of all patients
regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines
universal and body substance precautions
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) - answeran infection caused by
specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
***Colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant organisms such as MRSA in the
sputum requires contact precautions because of potential direct or environmental
contact with sputum. It is recommended that the health care worker wear a mask if
within 3 feet of the patient.***
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
1. A patient was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The patient has been drinking
fruit juice and has increased his intake of fluids but has failed to take his antibiotic as
prescribed because it caused gastric upset. Three days later, the patient presents to the
clinic with fever, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. What might you suspect?
The patient probably has the flu.
The patient may now have a systemic infection.
The patient is displaying signs of a localized infection.
The patient is experiencing an allergic response to his medication. - answerThe patient
may now have a systemic infection.
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
2. The nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. To perform this procedure, the
nurse will use:
Surgical asepsis (sterile technique).
, Medical asepsis (clean technique).
Droplet precautions.
Standard precautions. - answerSurgical asepsis (sterile technique).
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
3. The nurse is working in a busy emergency room. On entering station 1, the nurse
dons a pair of clean disposable gloves. The nurse sees that the patient has a gunshot
wound to the chest and is concerned there may be splattering of infectious materials.
The nurse applies goggles, a mask, and a gown. What is this called?
Following standard precautions.
Using medical asepsis.
Using surgical asepsis.
Infection control to prevent a health care-acquired infection. - answerFollowing standard
precautions.
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
4. A nurse assists a patient with a Foley catheter to ambulate down the hall. The nurse
holds the catheter bag below the level of the patient s bladder. What link in the chain of
infection is the nurse breaking by doing so?
Portal of exit.
Portal of entry.
Reservoir.
Host susceptibility. - answerPortal of entry.
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
5. The nurse manager is reviewing the use of standard precautions with the staff. Which
of the following should be included in the review? (Select all that apply.) -
answerStandard precautions are used to protect you from potential contact with blood
and body fluids
Standard precautions should be observed in every patient encounters
INFECTION CONTROL QUIZ 1
6. A small group of nursing students is giving a teaching presentation on the principles
of surgical asepsis. Which of the following standards are appropriate to include in the
presentation? (Select all that apply.)
A sterile barrier that has been permeated by moisture must be considered
contaminated.
