8/10/25, 10:03
AM
FLUID & ELECTROLYTES HURST REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED
A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (179)
Too much fluid in the vascular space
Fluid Volume
Excess/Hypervolemia
Heart
Causes of FVE: (3) Failure
Renal
Failure
Sodiu
m
Heart is weak; cardiac output decreases
Heart Failure decreased kidney perfusion;
characteristics urinary output decreases
Volume stays in the vascular
space
Effervescent soluble
Three things with a lot of medications (Alka-seltzer)
Canned/processed foods
1/
19
,8/10/25, 10:03
AM
sodium IVF with sodium
3 Main Hormonal Aldosterone
Regulation of Fluid Atrial Natriuretic
Volume Peptide (ANP)
Anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH)
Where is aldosterone adrenal glands
found
Normal action of blood volume gets low (vomiting, hemorrhage)
aldosterone } aldosterone secretion increases } retain Na
& water } blood volume goes up
Cushings
Cons
Diseases with too much syndrom
aldosterone e LIver
Dz
Heart Dz
Disease with too little Addisons disease
aldosterone
2/
19
, 8/10/25, 10:03
AM
less aldosterone
Characteristics of decreased
Addisons sodium/water
FVD
Where is ANP found? Atria of the heart
How does ANP work? Opposite of aldosterone
causes excretion of sodium and water
Function of ADH makes you retain water
Two ADH Problems SIAD
H DI
water
Too much ADH causes (3) retention
FVE
SIADH (too many letters, too much water)
Urine output;
SIADH characteristics decreases,
concentrated blood is
dilute
urine specific gravity, Na, and Hmt decreases
Treatment for SIADH water
restrictio
n 3% Na
Cl
Lose
Not enough ADH causes (water)
(3) diurese
FVD
3/
19
AM
FLUID & ELECTROLYTES HURST REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED
A++ 2025/2026
Terms in this set (179)
Too much fluid in the vascular space
Fluid Volume
Excess/Hypervolemia
Heart
Causes of FVE: (3) Failure
Renal
Failure
Sodiu
m
Heart is weak; cardiac output decreases
Heart Failure decreased kidney perfusion;
characteristics urinary output decreases
Volume stays in the vascular
space
Effervescent soluble
Three things with a lot of medications (Alka-seltzer)
Canned/processed foods
1/
19
,8/10/25, 10:03
AM
sodium IVF with sodium
3 Main Hormonal Aldosterone
Regulation of Fluid Atrial Natriuretic
Volume Peptide (ANP)
Anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH)
Where is aldosterone adrenal glands
found
Normal action of blood volume gets low (vomiting, hemorrhage)
aldosterone } aldosterone secretion increases } retain Na
& water } blood volume goes up
Cushings
Cons
Diseases with too much syndrom
aldosterone e LIver
Dz
Heart Dz
Disease with too little Addisons disease
aldosterone
2/
19
, 8/10/25, 10:03
AM
less aldosterone
Characteristics of decreased
Addisons sodium/water
FVD
Where is ANP found? Atria of the heart
How does ANP work? Opposite of aldosterone
causes excretion of sodium and water
Function of ADH makes you retain water
Two ADH Problems SIAD
H DI
water
Too much ADH causes (3) retention
FVE
SIADH (too many letters, too much water)
Urine output;
SIADH characteristics decreases,
concentrated blood is
dilute
urine specific gravity, Na, and Hmt decreases
Treatment for SIADH water
restrictio
n 3% Na
Cl
Lose
Not enough ADH causes (water)
(3) diurese
FVD
3/
19
