Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the World of Psychology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1 Psychology Explains Your Mental Activity and Behavior
1.1a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.1b. Apply psychology to your life by writing an example of your own mental activity and be-
havior in a situation.
1.2 Psychology Teaches You to Think Critically
1.2a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.2b. Apply critical thinking to real life by writing an example of each of the following: an intuition, a belief, an opinion, a
pseudofact, and objective evidence.
1.3 Psychology Improves Your Life
1.3a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.3b. Apply psychology to your life by writing one example each of how psychology can help you: do well in school,
improve your personal life, and succeed at your job.
1.4 Psychology Originated in Philosophical Questions
1.4a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.4b. Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life by writing an example of how one of your traits might reflect the
impact of both nature and nurture.
1.5 Psychologists Investigate the Conscious Mind and the Unconscious Mind
1.5a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.5b. Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious
mind by using your own words to describe each school.
1.6 Psychologists Explore Behavior and Mental Activity
1.6a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.6b. Apply the four psychology schools of thought that investigated behavior and mental activity by writing an exam-
ple of a topic that each school of thought would investigate.
1.7 Psychologists Today Investigate Many Different Topics
1.7a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.7b. Apply the subfields of psychology by choosing two subfields that interest you and explaining what research topic you
would study in each subfield if you were a psychologist.
1.8 Psychologists Use the Scientific Method
1.8a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.8b. Apply the four goals of science by writing how each one could be used to investigate students’ use of active pro-
cesses to learn material being read in a textbook.
1.8c. Understand the scientific method by naming the five steps in this cycle and explaining each one in your own
words.
1.9 Descriptive Methods Describe What Is Happening
1.9a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.9b. Apply the three descriptive methods by explaining how you could use each one to investigate a psychological
topic you are interested in.
1.10 Correlational Methods Study Relationships
1.10a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.10b. Apply correlations by describing one example of a correlation in your life and explaining why the relationship is
not causal.
1.11 Experimental Methods Test Causation
1.11a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.11b. Apply experimental methods by explaining the control group, the experimental group(s), the independent varia-
ble(s), and the dependent variable(s) in a study exploring the effect of texting while driving on driving performance.
1.12 Psychologists Today Follow Strict Ethical Guidelines
1.12a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.12b. Understand ethical issues in psychology by summarizing in your own words the four ethical guidelines that psy-
chologists must address in their research
, Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
Chapter 01: Introducing the World of Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?
a. the study of the brain and its inner function
b. the analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts
c. the study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes
d. the study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions
ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Because of this, Allanah will most likely study
a. the structure and function of the brain.
b. mental disorders and their treatment.
c. feelings, memory, and other inner states.
d. mental activity, behavior, and the brain.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Remembering
3. Barry states that psychology is the study of mental activity. Candace remarks that psychology is the
science of behavior. Which is the correct evaluation of these two statements?
a. Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is incorrect.
b. Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is correct.
c. Taken together, the statements are correct.
d. Barry’s definition is incorrect; Candace’s definition is correct.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding
4. According to the textbook, “friendly skepticism” is an important element in a type of reasoning called
a. functionalism. c. structuralism.
b. introspection. d. critical thinking.
ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Remembering
5. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that
a. systematically evaluates information.
b. criticizes others’ opinions.
c. is open-minded and creative.
d. uses inferences but does not solve problems.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Remembering
6. “Friendly skepticism” means
a. finding flaws in an argument or claim.
b. being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them.
, Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
c. asking a scientist to make his or her findings public so that they can be better evaluated.
d. accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method.
ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Understanding
7. Which of the following is an example of critical thinking?
a. believing that sugar causes headaches because your head hurts after you eat a candy bar
b. concluding that eating spinach leads to a longer life after seeing an ad for spinach on
television
c. using a personal example to explain the importance of time management
d. concluding that exercise is beneficial after evaluating the evidence of a research study
ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Understanding
8. Talisa is writing a paper on critical thinking. She wants to explain how critical thinking differs from
everyday thinking. Accordingly, which sentence is Talisa most likely to include in her paper about the
differences between critical thinking and everyday thinking?
a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make reasonable
conclusions.
b. Everyday thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make reasonable
conclusions.
c. Critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
conclusions.
d. Critical thinking and everyday thinking often result in the same conclusions.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying
9. You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing the following bumper
sticker on his car:
a. “Show me the evidence!” c. “Trust your gut!”
b. “The only truth is no truth.” d. “What is the meaning of life?”
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying
10. You are discussing your psychology class with your aunt Annalise. She asks you, “Can psychology
really help people study?” You correctly answer,
a. “Not really; psychologists generally agree that the field of education is better suited to
provide people with techniques for studying.”
b. “Yes; psychological studies have shown that cramming before an exam can improve
memory.”
c. “Yes; psychology provides us with techniques for improving memory and understanding.”
d. “It depends; psychology can enhance students’ learning, but most people will have
difficulty using psychology to help them study.”
ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Understanding
, Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
11. Which of the following statements best describes psychology?
a. Much of psychology is just common sense.
b. Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life.
c. Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life.
d. Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life.
ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding
12. Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good tip about the
best way to study. She correctly says,
a. “Be sure to cram in your studying during the night before the final exam.”
b. “As you study, connect the information to something personal.”
c. “Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions.”
d. “Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress improves learning.”
ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Applying
13. Dualism is the classic idea in psychology that
a. the mind and the brain are separate entities.
b. the mind and the brain are the same entity.
c. the mind and the brain are opposing forces.
d. there is no mind, just the brain.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
14. The philosopher who promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem was
a. William James. c. René Descartes.
b. Charles Darwin. d. Sigmund Freud.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
15. The belief that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes
a. dualism. c. the nature/nurture debate.
b. structuralism. d. cognitive psychology.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
16. Freddy and Mary Anne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate. Freddy correctly
says, “Actually, the ‘nature’ portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks and acts and is a result
of
a. early education.” c. prenatal experiences.”
b. inborn influences.” d. cultural norms.”
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2b | Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the World of Psychology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1 Psychology Explains Your Mental Activity and Behavior
1.1a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.1b. Apply psychology to your life by writing an example of your own mental activity and be-
havior in a situation.
1.2 Psychology Teaches You to Think Critically
1.2a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.2b. Apply critical thinking to real life by writing an example of each of the following: an intuition, a belief, an opinion, a
pseudofact, and objective evidence.
1.3 Psychology Improves Your Life
1.3a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.3b. Apply psychology to your life by writing one example each of how psychology can help you: do well in school,
improve your personal life, and succeed at your job.
1.4 Psychology Originated in Philosophical Questions
1.4a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.4b. Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life by writing an example of how one of your traits might reflect the
impact of both nature and nurture.
1.5 Psychologists Investigate the Conscious Mind and the Unconscious Mind
1.5a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.5b. Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious
mind by using your own words to describe each school.
1.6 Psychologists Explore Behavior and Mental Activity
1.6a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.6b. Apply the four psychology schools of thought that investigated behavior and mental activity by writing an exam-
ple of a topic that each school of thought would investigate.
1.7 Psychologists Today Investigate Many Different Topics
1.7a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.7b. Apply the subfields of psychology by choosing two subfields that interest you and explaining what research topic you
would study in each subfield if you were a psychologist.
1.8 Psychologists Use the Scientific Method
1.8a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.8b. Apply the four goals of science by writing how each one could be used to investigate students’ use of active pro-
cesses to learn material being read in a textbook.
1.8c. Understand the scientific method by naming the five steps in this cycle and explaining each one in your own
words.
1.9 Descriptive Methods Describe What Is Happening
1.9a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.9b. Apply the three descriptive methods by explaining how you could use each one to investigate a psychological
topic you are interested in.
1.10 Correlational Methods Study Relationships
1.10a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.10b. Apply correlations by describing one example of a correlation in your life and explaining why the relationship is
not causal.
1.11 Experimental Methods Test Causation
1.11a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.11b. Apply experimental methods by explaining the control group, the experimental group(s), the independent varia-
ble(s), and the dependent variable(s) in a study exploring the effect of texting while driving on driving performance.
1.12 Psychologists Today Follow Strict Ethical Guidelines
1.12a. Understand all bold and italic terms by writing explanations of them in your own words.
1.12b. Understand ethical issues in psychology by summarizing in your own words the four ethical guidelines that psy-
chologists must address in their research
, Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
Chapter 01: Introducing the World of Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?
a. the study of the brain and its inner function
b. the analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts
c. the study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes
d. the study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions
ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Because of this, Allanah will most likely study
a. the structure and function of the brain.
b. mental disorders and their treatment.
c. feelings, memory, and other inner states.
d. mental activity, behavior, and the brain.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Remembering
3. Barry states that psychology is the study of mental activity. Candace remarks that psychology is the
science of behavior. Which is the correct evaluation of these two statements?
a. Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is incorrect.
b. Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is correct.
c. Taken together, the statements are correct.
d. Barry’s definition is incorrect; Candace’s definition is correct.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding
4. According to the textbook, “friendly skepticism” is an important element in a type of reasoning called
a. functionalism. c. structuralism.
b. introspection. d. critical thinking.
ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Remembering
5. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that
a. systematically evaluates information.
b. criticizes others’ opinions.
c. is open-minded and creative.
d. uses inferences but does not solve problems.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Remembering
6. “Friendly skepticism” means
a. finding flaws in an argument or claim.
b. being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them.
, Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
c. asking a scientist to make his or her findings public so that they can be better evaluated.
d. accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method.
ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Understanding
7. Which of the following is an example of critical thinking?
a. believing that sugar causes headaches because your head hurts after you eat a candy bar
b. concluding that eating spinach leads to a longer life after seeing an ad for spinach on
television
c. using a personal example to explain the importance of time management
d. concluding that exercise is beneficial after evaluating the evidence of a research study
ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Understanding
8. Talisa is writing a paper on critical thinking. She wants to explain how critical thinking differs from
everyday thinking. Accordingly, which sentence is Talisa most likely to include in her paper about the
differences between critical thinking and everyday thinking?
a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make reasonable
conclusions.
b. Everyday thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make reasonable
conclusions.
c. Critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
conclusions.
d. Critical thinking and everyday thinking often result in the same conclusions.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying
9. You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing the following bumper
sticker on his car:
a. “Show me the evidence!” c. “Trust your gut!”
b. “The only truth is no truth.” d. “What is the meaning of life?”
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying
10. You are discussing your psychology class with your aunt Annalise. She asks you, “Can psychology
really help people study?” You correctly answer,
a. “Not really; psychologists generally agree that the field of education is better suited to
provide people with techniques for studying.”
b. “Yes; psychological studies have shown that cramming before an exam can improve
memory.”
c. “Yes; psychology provides us with techniques for improving memory and understanding.”
d. “It depends; psychology can enhance students’ learning, but most people will have
difficulty using psychology to help them study.”
ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Understanding
, Psychology in Your Life 3rd Edition Grison TEST BANK
11. Which of the following statements best describes psychology?
a. Much of psychology is just common sense.
b. Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life.
c. Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life.
d. Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life.
ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding
12. Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good tip about the
best way to study. She correctly says,
a. “Be sure to cram in your studying during the night before the final exam.”
b. “As you study, connect the information to something personal.”
c. “Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions.”
d. “Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress improves learning.”
ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Applying
13. Dualism is the classic idea in psychology that
a. the mind and the brain are separate entities.
b. the mind and the brain are the same entity.
c. the mind and the brain are opposing forces.
d. there is no mind, just the brain.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
14. The philosopher who promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem was
a. William James. c. René Descartes.
b. Charles Darwin. d. Sigmund Freud.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
15. The belief that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes
a. dualism. c. the nature/nurture debate.
b. structuralism. d. cognitive psychology.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
16. Freddy and Mary Anne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate. Freddy correctly
says, “Actually, the ‘nature’ portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks and acts and is a result
of
a. early education.” c. prenatal experiences.”
b. inborn influences.” d. cultural norms.”
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.2b | Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
