Geography AQA GCSE PAPER 1
Natural Hazard - (correct Answer) - A natural hazard is a natural process which could cause death, injury
or disruption to humans, or destroy proprty or posesions.
Natural disaster - (correct Answer) - A natural hzard that has actualy happened
Geological hazards - (correct Answer) - Caused by kand and tectonic processes
Meteorological hazards - (correct Answer) - Caused by weather and climate
Factors affecting hazard risk - (correct Answer) - Urbanisation, poverty, development, climate change
Tectonic plates - (correct Answer) - Slabs of the Earth's crust
Continental crust - (correct Answer) - thicker and less dense
Oceanic crust - (correct Answer) - thinner and more dense
Tectonic plate movement - (correct Answer) - caused by convection currents underneath the Earth's
crust
Destructive plate - (correct Answer) - Two plates moving towards one another, oceanic plate subducts
under continental plate and friction causes melting of oceanic plate, triggers earthquake
Constructive plates - (correct Answer) - Two plates move apart, magma forces way along gap and causes
earthquake, erupted lava cools and forms volcano
Conservative plate - (correct Answer) - Two plates moving alongside, friction can send shockwaves
causing earthquakes
Earthquake causes - (correct Answer) - two plates 'jerking' past each other
the focus - (correct Answer) - the point in the Earth the earthquake starts
Epicentre - (correct Answer) - the point on the Earth' surface straight above the focus
Where are volcanoes found - (correct Answer) - At destructive and constructive plate marhgins
Where are earthquakes found - (correct Answer) - At all three types of plate margin
Earthquake Primary effects - (correct Answer) - buildings and bridges collapse
people are injured or killed
Roads are destroyed
Earthquake Secondary effects - (correct Answer) - Can trigger landslides, tsunamis = destruction
, homeless can die from the cold
Leaking gas can start fires
Earthquake Immediate responses - (correct Answer) - Rescue people trapped by collapsed buildings and
treat injured people
Recover dead bodies to prevent spread of disease
Foreign governments or charities may send aid workers, supplies , equipment or financial donations to
the areas affected
Earthquake Long term responses - (correct Answer) - Re-house people who have lost their homes
Repair or rebuild damaged buildings, roads, railways and bridges.
Reconnect broken electricity, water, gas, communication connections
Volcanoes Primary effects - (correct Answer) - Buildings and roads are destroyed by lava flows and
pyroclastic flows.
Buildings may also collapse if enough ash falls onto them.
People & animals are injured/killed by pyroclastic flows, lava,falling rocks
Volcanoes Secondary effects - (correct Answer) - Mudflows form when volcanic material is mixed with
water and landslides cause destruction, death & injury.
Tourism can be disrupted straight after and the eruption - but often it can increase afterwards with
tourists interested in seeing volcanoes
Ash makes fields more fertile once it's broken down
Volcanoes Immediate responses - (correct Answer) - Evacuate people before the eruption if it was
predicted or evacuate as soon as possible after direction starts
Provide temporary supplies of electricity gas and communication systems if regular supplies have been
damaged
Foreign governments or charities may send aid workers supplies equipment or financial donations to
areas affected
Volcanoes Long term responses - (correct Answer) - Repair and rebuild if possible or resettle affected
people elsewhere.
Repair and reconnect damaged infrastructure (roads, rail, power lines and communication networks etc)
Improve, repair and update monitoring / evacuation plans
L'Aquila Italy HIC earthquake - (correct Answer) - On the 6th april 2009 a 6.3 earthquake struck L'aquila.
PE - Around 300 deaths mostly from collapsed buildings 1500 people were injured, 60,000 homeless.
Natural Hazard - (correct Answer) - A natural hazard is a natural process which could cause death, injury
or disruption to humans, or destroy proprty or posesions.
Natural disaster - (correct Answer) - A natural hzard that has actualy happened
Geological hazards - (correct Answer) - Caused by kand and tectonic processes
Meteorological hazards - (correct Answer) - Caused by weather and climate
Factors affecting hazard risk - (correct Answer) - Urbanisation, poverty, development, climate change
Tectonic plates - (correct Answer) - Slabs of the Earth's crust
Continental crust - (correct Answer) - thicker and less dense
Oceanic crust - (correct Answer) - thinner and more dense
Tectonic plate movement - (correct Answer) - caused by convection currents underneath the Earth's
crust
Destructive plate - (correct Answer) - Two plates moving towards one another, oceanic plate subducts
under continental plate and friction causes melting of oceanic plate, triggers earthquake
Constructive plates - (correct Answer) - Two plates move apart, magma forces way along gap and causes
earthquake, erupted lava cools and forms volcano
Conservative plate - (correct Answer) - Two plates moving alongside, friction can send shockwaves
causing earthquakes
Earthquake causes - (correct Answer) - two plates 'jerking' past each other
the focus - (correct Answer) - the point in the Earth the earthquake starts
Epicentre - (correct Answer) - the point on the Earth' surface straight above the focus
Where are volcanoes found - (correct Answer) - At destructive and constructive plate marhgins
Where are earthquakes found - (correct Answer) - At all three types of plate margin
Earthquake Primary effects - (correct Answer) - buildings and bridges collapse
people are injured or killed
Roads are destroyed
Earthquake Secondary effects - (correct Answer) - Can trigger landslides, tsunamis = destruction
, homeless can die from the cold
Leaking gas can start fires
Earthquake Immediate responses - (correct Answer) - Rescue people trapped by collapsed buildings and
treat injured people
Recover dead bodies to prevent spread of disease
Foreign governments or charities may send aid workers, supplies , equipment or financial donations to
the areas affected
Earthquake Long term responses - (correct Answer) - Re-house people who have lost their homes
Repair or rebuild damaged buildings, roads, railways and bridges.
Reconnect broken electricity, water, gas, communication connections
Volcanoes Primary effects - (correct Answer) - Buildings and roads are destroyed by lava flows and
pyroclastic flows.
Buildings may also collapse if enough ash falls onto them.
People & animals are injured/killed by pyroclastic flows, lava,falling rocks
Volcanoes Secondary effects - (correct Answer) - Mudflows form when volcanic material is mixed with
water and landslides cause destruction, death & injury.
Tourism can be disrupted straight after and the eruption - but often it can increase afterwards with
tourists interested in seeing volcanoes
Ash makes fields more fertile once it's broken down
Volcanoes Immediate responses - (correct Answer) - Evacuate people before the eruption if it was
predicted or evacuate as soon as possible after direction starts
Provide temporary supplies of electricity gas and communication systems if regular supplies have been
damaged
Foreign governments or charities may send aid workers supplies equipment or financial donations to
areas affected
Volcanoes Long term responses - (correct Answer) - Repair and rebuild if possible or resettle affected
people elsewhere.
Repair and reconnect damaged infrastructure (roads, rail, power lines and communication networks etc)
Improve, repair and update monitoring / evacuation plans
L'Aquila Italy HIC earthquake - (correct Answer) - On the 6th april 2009 a 6.3 earthquake struck L'aquila.
PE - Around 300 deaths mostly from collapsed buildings 1500 people were injured, 60,000 homeless.
