HCS 215 Quiz #4/Chapter 21: The Endocrine System -
Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth With
Complete Solutions
1 kcal Correct Answers 1000 calories = 1 Calorie =
100 kcal/hour Correct Answers when sitting still, the rate of
energy expenditure is around
2 critical concepts of controlling energy metabolism Correct
Answers 1. food intake is intermittent -> body must store
nutrients during periods of intake and break down stores in
between meals
2. the brain depends on glucose as its primary energy source ->
blood glucose levels must be maintained at all times, even
between meals
2 primary energy storage molecules Correct Answers glycogen
and triglyceride (fat)
20-30% of BMR Correct Answers accounted for by skeletal
muscle activity
3 categories of energy-requiring processes Correct Answers
mechanical work = uses intracellular protein filaments to
generate movement
chemical work = used to form bonds during chemical reactions
,transport work = utilizes energy to move a molecule from 1 side
of a cell membrane to another
3 fates for biomolecules Correct Answers -get broken down
into smaller molecules -> this releases energy for cell processes
-used as substrates to synthesize other molecules needed by cells
and tissues for normal function, growth, and repair
-in excess, they're converted to energy storage molecules that
provide energy in between meals
300 kcal/hour Correct Answers when riding a bike at a
moderate rate, the rate of energy expenditure is around
40% of energy expenditure Correct Answers accounted for by
nervous system activity
70-110 mg/dL Correct Answers normal fasting level of
glucose in blood
absorptive state Correct Answers approx. 2-3 hours after a
meal, nutrients are absorbed
body is in a positive energy balance
energy is stored in macromolecules
fats, AAs, excess glucose -> taken up by the liver, muscle, and
fat cells and converted to energy storage molecules
, actions of insulin Correct Answers -promotes synthesis of
energy storage molecules
-opposes catabolism of energy stores -> inhibits breakdown and
suppresses gluconeogenesis
-promotes uptake of AAs, which facilitates AAs' stimulation of
protein synthesis
-increases # of glucose transport proteins to increase glucose
uptake
adipocytes Correct Answers adipose tissue cells -> main
storage area for triglycerides
they synthesize the glycerol used in triglyceride synthesis
stored triglycerides can be broken down into glycerol + fatty
acids
adipocytes in absorptive state Correct Answers store energy in
the form of triglycerides (fat)
chylomicrons = smallest lipoproteins -> transport triglycerides
to adipocytes
lipoprotein lipase catabolizes triglycerides in chylomicrons in
the same way as for VLDLs
Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth With
Complete Solutions
1 kcal Correct Answers 1000 calories = 1 Calorie =
100 kcal/hour Correct Answers when sitting still, the rate of
energy expenditure is around
2 critical concepts of controlling energy metabolism Correct
Answers 1. food intake is intermittent -> body must store
nutrients during periods of intake and break down stores in
between meals
2. the brain depends on glucose as its primary energy source ->
blood glucose levels must be maintained at all times, even
between meals
2 primary energy storage molecules Correct Answers glycogen
and triglyceride (fat)
20-30% of BMR Correct Answers accounted for by skeletal
muscle activity
3 categories of energy-requiring processes Correct Answers
mechanical work = uses intracellular protein filaments to
generate movement
chemical work = used to form bonds during chemical reactions
,transport work = utilizes energy to move a molecule from 1 side
of a cell membrane to another
3 fates for biomolecules Correct Answers -get broken down
into smaller molecules -> this releases energy for cell processes
-used as substrates to synthesize other molecules needed by cells
and tissues for normal function, growth, and repair
-in excess, they're converted to energy storage molecules that
provide energy in between meals
300 kcal/hour Correct Answers when riding a bike at a
moderate rate, the rate of energy expenditure is around
40% of energy expenditure Correct Answers accounted for by
nervous system activity
70-110 mg/dL Correct Answers normal fasting level of
glucose in blood
absorptive state Correct Answers approx. 2-3 hours after a
meal, nutrients are absorbed
body is in a positive energy balance
energy is stored in macromolecules
fats, AAs, excess glucose -> taken up by the liver, muscle, and
fat cells and converted to energy storage molecules
, actions of insulin Correct Answers -promotes synthesis of
energy storage molecules
-opposes catabolism of energy stores -> inhibits breakdown and
suppresses gluconeogenesis
-promotes uptake of AAs, which facilitates AAs' stimulation of
protein synthesis
-increases # of glucose transport proteins to increase glucose
uptake
adipocytes Correct Answers adipose tissue cells -> main
storage area for triglycerides
they synthesize the glycerol used in triglyceride synthesis
stored triglycerides can be broken down into glycerol + fatty
acids
adipocytes in absorptive state Correct Answers store energy in
the form of triglycerides (fat)
chylomicrons = smallest lipoproteins -> transport triglycerides
to adipocytes
lipoprotein lipase catabolizes triglycerides in chylomicrons in
the same way as for VLDLs
