HCS 215: Chapter 7 and 8 Questions With Complete
Solutions
absolute refractory period Correct Answers spans all of
depolarization and most of depolarization phase
second action potential cannot be generated because NA+ gates
are inactivated (closed)
Action potentials Correct Answers rapid large depolarization
used for communication
Action potentials from threshold and supra-threshold stimuli are
______ magnitude Correct Answers same (100 mV = -70mV
--> +30 mV)
Activation gate (voltage-gated Na channel) Correct Answers
Voltage dependent
Opens at threshold and depolarization
Positive feedback
Adrenergic receptors Correct Answers G protein coupled
(generally linked to second messengers)
alpha adrenergic receptors (a1 and a2)
Beta (1,2,3)
allow response at all adrengeric receptors
,All-or-none principle Correct Answers when a threshold
stimulus is reached a muscle cell contracts maximally
(depolarization will occur)
Anatomy of a synapse (things found there) Correct Answers
Presynaptic axon terminal
Neurotransmitter-containing vesicles
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Synaptic cleft
Receptors
Enzymes
Reuptake molecules
Channel-linked receptors (ionotropic receptors) Correct
Answers Fast change in Vm
Channel closes as soon as neurotransmitter leaves
(ligand-gated channels)
Characteristics of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?
Correct Answers more likely to produce an action potential
depolarization (associated with NA channel activation)
Characteristics of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?
Correct Answers Less likely to produce an action potential
Hyperpolarization (K+ and Cl- channel activation)
Membrane stabilization
, Compared to endocrine communication, nervous communication
is? Correct Answers rapid
Consequences of refractory periods Correct Answers All or
none principle
Frequency in coding
Unidirectional propagation of action potentials
Electrical synapses Correct Answers two neurons connected
by gap junctions
some are between neurons and glial cells
Endocannabinoids (unique neurotransmitters) Correct Answers
Synthesized from membrane phospholipids
(Anandamide and 2-Archidonylglycerol)
Synthesis is Ca2+ dependent
CB1 receptor
Metabotropic (Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC))
produce analgesia
excitatory Correct Answers depolarization
Forces acting on ions when not at equilibrium Correct Answers
The net force acts to move the ion across the membrane in the
direction that favors its being at equilibrium
Solutions
absolute refractory period Correct Answers spans all of
depolarization and most of depolarization phase
second action potential cannot be generated because NA+ gates
are inactivated (closed)
Action potentials Correct Answers rapid large depolarization
used for communication
Action potentials from threshold and supra-threshold stimuli are
______ magnitude Correct Answers same (100 mV = -70mV
--> +30 mV)
Activation gate (voltage-gated Na channel) Correct Answers
Voltage dependent
Opens at threshold and depolarization
Positive feedback
Adrenergic receptors Correct Answers G protein coupled
(generally linked to second messengers)
alpha adrenergic receptors (a1 and a2)
Beta (1,2,3)
allow response at all adrengeric receptors
,All-or-none principle Correct Answers when a threshold
stimulus is reached a muscle cell contracts maximally
(depolarization will occur)
Anatomy of a synapse (things found there) Correct Answers
Presynaptic axon terminal
Neurotransmitter-containing vesicles
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Synaptic cleft
Receptors
Enzymes
Reuptake molecules
Channel-linked receptors (ionotropic receptors) Correct
Answers Fast change in Vm
Channel closes as soon as neurotransmitter leaves
(ligand-gated channels)
Characteristics of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?
Correct Answers more likely to produce an action potential
depolarization (associated with NA channel activation)
Characteristics of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?
Correct Answers Less likely to produce an action potential
Hyperpolarization (K+ and Cl- channel activation)
Membrane stabilization
, Compared to endocrine communication, nervous communication
is? Correct Answers rapid
Consequences of refractory periods Correct Answers All or
none principle
Frequency in coding
Unidirectional propagation of action potentials
Electrical synapses Correct Answers two neurons connected
by gap junctions
some are between neurons and glial cells
Endocannabinoids (unique neurotransmitters) Correct Answers
Synthesized from membrane phospholipids
(Anandamide and 2-Archidonylglycerol)
Synthesis is Ca2+ dependent
CB1 receptor
Metabotropic (Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC))
produce analgesia
excitatory Correct Answers depolarization
Forces acting on ions when not at equilibrium Correct Answers
The net force acts to move the ion across the membrane in the
direction that favors its being at equilibrium
