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the process of understanding one's own
beliefs, thoughts, motivations, biases,
self-awareness
and limitations and recognizing how they
affect others
biopsychosocial self biological, psychological, social
achieved by spoken words, includes the
verbal communication underlying emotion, context, and con-
nection of what is actually said
includes gestures, expressions, and
body language
nonverbal communication
- should take priority if the two types of
communication contradict each other
the ongoing process of interaction
therapeutic communication
through which meaning emerges
- patient is primary focus of the interac-
tion
- professional attitude sets the toe for the
therapeutic relationship
- use self-disclosure cautiously and only
when it has a therapeutic purpose
- avoid social relationships with patients
- maintain patient confidentiality
- assess intellectual competence to de-
termine levels of understanding
principles of therapeutic communication - implement interventions from theoretic
base
- maintain nonjudgmental attitude
- avoid giving advice
- guide the patient to reinterpret his or her
expressions rationally
- track the patient's verbal interaction
through clarifying statements
- avoid changing the subject unless the
context change is in the patient's best
interest
self-disclosure
, contemporary psychiatric nursing practice
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telling the patient personal information;
generally not a good idea unless it has
a therapeutic purpose
involves sitting quietly and letting the pa-
passive listening
tient talk
the nurse focuses on what the patient
active listening is saying to interpret and respond to the
message objectively
sitting square
open posture
SOLER leaning towards
eye contact
relaxed
acceptance
confrontation
doubt
interpretation
observation
verbal communication techniques
open-ended statements
reflection
restatement
silence
validation
encouraging and receiving information in
a nonjudgmental and interested manner
acceptance
- used in establishing trust and develop-
ing empathy
presenting the patient with a different re-
ality of the situation
- used cautiously to immediately redefine
the patient's reality
confrontation
- it can alienate the patient if used inap-
propriately
- use a nonjudgmental attitude to be ef-
fective
doubt