LS 7C MIDTERM 2 TEST
,1. what happens when sound vibrations hit the tympanic
membrane (eardrum)?: tympanic membrane vibrates, causes
stapes to push oval window, oval window vibration pushes fluid
through cochlea
2. what happens once sound vibrations reach the cochlea?:
push basilar mem- brane up, hair cells bend and depolarize,
push tectorial membrane >> triggers neurotransmitter release
3. what do hair cell stereocilia bend against?: the tectorial
membrane
4. what happens to hair cells when the tectorial membrane
bends downward?-
: hair cells repolarize after releasing neurotransmitters
5. what is the kinocilium? what happens when stereocilia
bend toward it?: the tallest sterioilium
when others bend toward it - cell depolarizes, releases
neurotransmitters
,6. do all hair cells react to certain frequencies?: no, each
hair cell on basilar membrane responds to a certain
frequency
7. what happens to a hair cell when sound waves reach it
and stereocilia bend?: K+ channels on stereocilia open and
depolarize the cell, action potential travels down, Ca2+ enters
and helps move vesicles with neurotransmitters out
8. do hair cells have action potentials?: no! steriocilia bend and
K+ rushes in, hair cell is depolarized, releases neurotransmitters
9. what is endolymph? where is it found?: fluid found in the
inner ear
10. what is Meniere's disease?: excess endolymph fluid in the
inner ear, Van Gogh may have had it
11. what part of the brain corresponds with hearing? sight?:
audition - temporal lobe
sight - occipital lobe
, 12. describe the retina: initial visual processing, photoreceptors
(rods/cones) and nerve cells here, inverts image
13. what is opsin and where is it found? what is retinal?:
protein on photorecep- tor cells that converts photon energy to
electrical energy
contains retinal (light-absorbing pigment)
14. describe photoreceptors (rods/cones) in the dark.:
depolarized
membrane potential = -35, Na+ leaks in
*continuously releasing neurotransmitters (glutamate)
15. describe photoreceptors (rods/cones) when a light is
turned on: photon causes retinal to change conformation (cis
to trans), Na+ channels close
,1. what happens when sound vibrations hit the tympanic
membrane (eardrum)?: tympanic membrane vibrates, causes
stapes to push oval window, oval window vibration pushes fluid
through cochlea
2. what happens once sound vibrations reach the cochlea?:
push basilar mem- brane up, hair cells bend and depolarize,
push tectorial membrane >> triggers neurotransmitter release
3. what do hair cell stereocilia bend against?: the tectorial
membrane
4. what happens to hair cells when the tectorial membrane
bends downward?-
: hair cells repolarize after releasing neurotransmitters
5. what is the kinocilium? what happens when stereocilia
bend toward it?: the tallest sterioilium
when others bend toward it - cell depolarizes, releases
neurotransmitters
,6. do all hair cells react to certain frequencies?: no, each
hair cell on basilar membrane responds to a certain
frequency
7. what happens to a hair cell when sound waves reach it
and stereocilia bend?: K+ channels on stereocilia open and
depolarize the cell, action potential travels down, Ca2+ enters
and helps move vesicles with neurotransmitters out
8. do hair cells have action potentials?: no! steriocilia bend and
K+ rushes in, hair cell is depolarized, releases neurotransmitters
9. what is endolymph? where is it found?: fluid found in the
inner ear
10. what is Meniere's disease?: excess endolymph fluid in the
inner ear, Van Gogh may have had it
11. what part of the brain corresponds with hearing? sight?:
audition - temporal lobe
sight - occipital lobe
, 12. describe the retina: initial visual processing, photoreceptors
(rods/cones) and nerve cells here, inverts image
13. what is opsin and where is it found? what is retinal?:
protein on photorecep- tor cells that converts photon energy to
electrical energy
contains retinal (light-absorbing pigment)
14. describe photoreceptors (rods/cones) in the dark.:
depolarized
membrane potential = -35, Na+ leaks in
*continuously releasing neurotransmitters (glutamate)
15. describe photoreceptors (rods/cones) when a light is
turned on: photon causes retinal to change conformation (cis
to trans), Na+ channels close
