MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
(SSET)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTERSCIENCE AND IT.
PREPORTTITLE: IOT BASED PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT.
NAME: NYEMBA CHIBEMBA
STUDENT ID: 202002199
COURSE: CAPSTONE PROJECT
COURSE CODE: ICT 431
PROGRAM: BACHELORS OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE
SURPERVISOR: MRS MULWANDA
THIS REPORT IS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR THE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR
I
, Table Of Contents
Table Of Contents ..................................................................................................................... II
Declarations .............................................................................................................................. V
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. VI
Abstract .................................................................................................................................. VII
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. VIII
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................IX
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. X
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Aim ...................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Objectives .........................................................................................................................2
1.5 Scope and Significance .................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Project Justification ..........................................................................................................4
1.7 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Related Literature .............................................................................................................5
2.3 Review of Existing Systems .............................................................................................6
2.3.1 Smart Bus Zambia ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 Zambia Railways ....................................................................................................... 7
2.3.4 Taxify Zambia ........................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Comparison of Reviewed Systems ...................................................................................8
2.4.1 Proposed system vs. existing system .........................................................................9
2.5 Proposed System ............................................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................12
3.1Selected methodology ..................................................................................................... 12
3.1.1 Incremental Methodology ....................................................................................... 12
3.1.2 Phases of incremental model ................................................................................... 14
3.2 Justification of selected methodology ............................................................................15
3.3 Technologies and framework used .................................................................................15
3.3.1 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) .................................................................. 16
II
, 3.3.2 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) ................................................................................. 16
3.3.3 JavaScript ................................................................................................................ 16
Backend Technologies: ........................................................................................................ 16
3.3.4 PHP ..........................................................................................................................16
3.3.5 MySQL .................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.6 SUIP (Smart User Interface Presentation ............................................................... 17
3.4 Summary/ Conclusion ....................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 4 - SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................................... 17
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 System Analysis ............................................................................................................. 18
4.2.1 Requirements Gathering and Analysis .................................................................... 18
. ......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.2 Functional Requirements .........................................................................................18
4.2.3.Non-Functional Requirements .................................................................................19
4.3 System Design ................................................................................................................20
4.3.1 Use Case Diagrams ..................................................................................................20
4.3.2 Class Diagrams ........................................................................................................24
4.3.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ......................................................................................25
4.3.4 Database Design ...................................................................................................... 26
4.3.5 Sequence Diagrams ................................................................................................. 28
4.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER 5 - DEVELOPED SYSTEM .................................................................................33
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Unit Testing ....................................................................................................................34
5.2.1 Test planning ........................................................................................................... 34
5.3 Sytem Testing .................................................................................................................39
CHAPTER 6 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 48
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................48
6.2 Risk and Quality Management .......................................................................................48
6.3 Risk Analysis and Risk Register .................................................................................... 48
6.4 Effort Estimation Using COCOMO ...............................................................................49
6.5 Budget Calculations ....................................................................................................... 51
6.6 Scheduling and Work Plan .............................................................................................52
6.7 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 53
CHAPTER 7 – CRITICAL EVALUATION ...........................................................................53
III
, 7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 53
7.2 Reasons for Undertaking the Project ..............................................................................53
7.3 Main Learning Outcomes ...............................................................................................54
7.4 Challenges Encountered .................................................................................................55
7.5 Future Work ................................................................................................................... 56
7.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................56
CHAPTER 8 - CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 57
8.1 Expected Research Contributions .................................................................................. 57
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 59
IV
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
(SSET)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTERSCIENCE AND IT.
PREPORTTITLE: IOT BASED PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT.
NAME: NYEMBA CHIBEMBA
STUDENT ID: 202002199
COURSE: CAPSTONE PROJECT
COURSE CODE: ICT 431
PROGRAM: BACHELORS OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE
SURPERVISOR: MRS MULWANDA
THIS REPORT IS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR THE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR
I
, Table Of Contents
Table Of Contents ..................................................................................................................... II
Declarations .............................................................................................................................. V
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. VI
Abstract .................................................................................................................................. VII
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. VIII
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................IX
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. X
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Aim ...................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Objectives .........................................................................................................................2
1.5 Scope and Significance .................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Project Justification ..........................................................................................................4
1.7 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Related Literature .............................................................................................................5
2.3 Review of Existing Systems .............................................................................................6
2.3.1 Smart Bus Zambia ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 Zambia Railways ....................................................................................................... 7
2.3.4 Taxify Zambia ........................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Comparison of Reviewed Systems ...................................................................................8
2.4.1 Proposed system vs. existing system .........................................................................9
2.5 Proposed System ............................................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................12
3.1Selected methodology ..................................................................................................... 12
3.1.1 Incremental Methodology ....................................................................................... 12
3.1.2 Phases of incremental model ................................................................................... 14
3.2 Justification of selected methodology ............................................................................15
3.3 Technologies and framework used .................................................................................15
3.3.1 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) .................................................................. 16
II
, 3.3.2 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) ................................................................................. 16
3.3.3 JavaScript ................................................................................................................ 16
Backend Technologies: ........................................................................................................ 16
3.3.4 PHP ..........................................................................................................................16
3.3.5 MySQL .................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.6 SUIP (Smart User Interface Presentation ............................................................... 17
3.4 Summary/ Conclusion ....................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 4 - SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................................... 17
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 System Analysis ............................................................................................................. 18
4.2.1 Requirements Gathering and Analysis .................................................................... 18
. ......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.2 Functional Requirements .........................................................................................18
4.2.3.Non-Functional Requirements .................................................................................19
4.3 System Design ................................................................................................................20
4.3.1 Use Case Diagrams ..................................................................................................20
4.3.2 Class Diagrams ........................................................................................................24
4.3.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ......................................................................................25
4.3.4 Database Design ...................................................................................................... 26
4.3.5 Sequence Diagrams ................................................................................................. 28
4.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER 5 - DEVELOPED SYSTEM .................................................................................33
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Unit Testing ....................................................................................................................34
5.2.1 Test planning ........................................................................................................... 34
5.3 Sytem Testing .................................................................................................................39
CHAPTER 6 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 48
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................48
6.2 Risk and Quality Management .......................................................................................48
6.3 Risk Analysis and Risk Register .................................................................................... 48
6.4 Effort Estimation Using COCOMO ...............................................................................49
6.5 Budget Calculations ....................................................................................................... 51
6.6 Scheduling and Work Plan .............................................................................................52
6.7 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 53
CHAPTER 7 – CRITICAL EVALUATION ...........................................................................53
III
, 7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 53
7.2 Reasons for Undertaking the Project ..............................................................................53
7.3 Main Learning Outcomes ...............................................................................................54
7.4 Challenges Encountered .................................................................................................55
7.5 Future Work ................................................................................................................... 56
7.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................56
CHAPTER 8 - CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 57
8.1 Expected Research Contributions .................................................................................. 57
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 59
IV
