(2025/2026) NURS 328 PEDIATRICS EXAM
1 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS| A+ GRADE
VERIFIED ANSWERS
A nurse is planning a teaching session for a group of
adolescents. The nurse understands that by adolescence
the individual is in which stage of cognitive development?
a. Concrete operations
b. Conventional thought
c. Post-conventional thought
d. Formal operations Correct Answer d. Formal operations
An important consideration when using the FACES Pain
Rating scale with children is:
a. Children color the face with the color they choose to
best describe their pain.
b. The scale can be used with most children as young as 3
years.
c. The scale is not appropriate for use with adolescents
d. The FACES scale is useful in pain assessment but not
as accurate as physiologic responses Correct Answer b.
The scale can be used with most children as young as 3
years.
What is an early clinical sign of dehydration?
,a. Hypotension
b. Decreased urinary output
c. Capillary refill time over 3 seconds
d. Tachycardia Correct Answer d. Tachycardia
Hypotension is a late sign of dehydration that occurs
when fluid losses exceed the body's ability to sustain
blood volume and blood pressure.
Decreased urinary output is a compensatory
mechanism caused by decreased blood flow through
the kidneys and is not an early sign of dehydration.
Capillary refill time over 3 seconds indicates a
seriously compromised circulatory system and is an
indication of severe dehydration.
The earliest detectable sign of dehydration is usually
tachycardia, the body's attempt to increase cardiac
output because of the low blood volume.
What is most appropriate to manage mild dehydration in
the home setting?
a. Diluted fruit juices
b. Oral rehydration fluids
c. Water
d. Warm milk Correct Answer b. Oral rehydration fluids
Oral rehydration solutions are the fluids of choice for
rehydration because of their glucose-mediated and
enhanced sodium absorption composition. Fruit
juices are not used as rehydrating solutions because
of their high carbohydrate content, very low
,electrolyte content, and high osmolality. Water is not
used as a rehydrating fluid because of its hypotonic
nature and lack of electrolytes. Cow's milk is not
recommended because maldigestion of lactose can
occur in children with infectious diarrhea.
What are the more significant concerns with hypertonic
dehydration?
a. Neurologic disturbances
b. Hypovolemic shock
c. Impaired kidney function
d. Parenteral therapy complications Correct Answer a.
Neurologic disturbances
Cerebral changes in hypertonic dehydration are
serious and may result in permanent damage and are
therefore the most dreaded potential outcomes.
Shock is more likely to occur in hypotonic or isotonic
dehydration than in hypertonic dehydration.
Renal compensation is impaired by reduced blood
flow through the kidneys, which occurs in any form of
dehydration.
Parenteral therapy complications, such as too rapid
initial fluid replacement, can result in cerebral edema
in hypertonic dehydration. Therefore, this can be the
cause of the dreaded outcome, rather than the
outcome itself.
, Shannon's dehydration increases and she is hospitalized
with parenteral fluid therapy. What replacement is not
added until kidney function is reestablished?
a. Magnesium
b. Sodium chloride
c. Potassium
d. Sodium bicarbonate Correct Answer c. Potassium
Potassium is not administered until kidney functions
are appropriate because of the risk of hyperkalemia,
which causes cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure,
mental confusion, and numbness of extremities.
Magnesium is usually decreased with prolonged
vomiting or diarrhea, and therefore the risk of excess
magnesium is low. Sodium chloride (0.9%) is the
initial replacement fluid of choice in the management
of dehydration. Sodium bicarbonate can be added to
replacement fluid because acidosis is usually
associated with dehydration.
What is the most appropriate method of rehydrating Brian,
a mildly dehydrated 4 year old?
a. Administer intravenous fluids.
b. Give an oral rehydration solution.
c. Give soft drinks that have been diluted and
decarbonated.
d. Give small amounts of gelatin or clear liquids such as
juice and water. Correct Answer b. Give an oral
rehydration solution.
1 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS| A+ GRADE
VERIFIED ANSWERS
A nurse is planning a teaching session for a group of
adolescents. The nurse understands that by adolescence
the individual is in which stage of cognitive development?
a. Concrete operations
b. Conventional thought
c. Post-conventional thought
d. Formal operations Correct Answer d. Formal operations
An important consideration when using the FACES Pain
Rating scale with children is:
a. Children color the face with the color they choose to
best describe their pain.
b. The scale can be used with most children as young as 3
years.
c. The scale is not appropriate for use with adolescents
d. The FACES scale is useful in pain assessment but not
as accurate as physiologic responses Correct Answer b.
The scale can be used with most children as young as 3
years.
What is an early clinical sign of dehydration?
,a. Hypotension
b. Decreased urinary output
c. Capillary refill time over 3 seconds
d. Tachycardia Correct Answer d. Tachycardia
Hypotension is a late sign of dehydration that occurs
when fluid losses exceed the body's ability to sustain
blood volume and blood pressure.
Decreased urinary output is a compensatory
mechanism caused by decreased blood flow through
the kidneys and is not an early sign of dehydration.
Capillary refill time over 3 seconds indicates a
seriously compromised circulatory system and is an
indication of severe dehydration.
The earliest detectable sign of dehydration is usually
tachycardia, the body's attempt to increase cardiac
output because of the low blood volume.
What is most appropriate to manage mild dehydration in
the home setting?
a. Diluted fruit juices
b. Oral rehydration fluids
c. Water
d. Warm milk Correct Answer b. Oral rehydration fluids
Oral rehydration solutions are the fluids of choice for
rehydration because of their glucose-mediated and
enhanced sodium absorption composition. Fruit
juices are not used as rehydrating solutions because
of their high carbohydrate content, very low
,electrolyte content, and high osmolality. Water is not
used as a rehydrating fluid because of its hypotonic
nature and lack of electrolytes. Cow's milk is not
recommended because maldigestion of lactose can
occur in children with infectious diarrhea.
What are the more significant concerns with hypertonic
dehydration?
a. Neurologic disturbances
b. Hypovolemic shock
c. Impaired kidney function
d. Parenteral therapy complications Correct Answer a.
Neurologic disturbances
Cerebral changes in hypertonic dehydration are
serious and may result in permanent damage and are
therefore the most dreaded potential outcomes.
Shock is more likely to occur in hypotonic or isotonic
dehydration than in hypertonic dehydration.
Renal compensation is impaired by reduced blood
flow through the kidneys, which occurs in any form of
dehydration.
Parenteral therapy complications, such as too rapid
initial fluid replacement, can result in cerebral edema
in hypertonic dehydration. Therefore, this can be the
cause of the dreaded outcome, rather than the
outcome itself.
, Shannon's dehydration increases and she is hospitalized
with parenteral fluid therapy. What replacement is not
added until kidney function is reestablished?
a. Magnesium
b. Sodium chloride
c. Potassium
d. Sodium bicarbonate Correct Answer c. Potassium
Potassium is not administered until kidney functions
are appropriate because of the risk of hyperkalemia,
which causes cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure,
mental confusion, and numbness of extremities.
Magnesium is usually decreased with prolonged
vomiting or diarrhea, and therefore the risk of excess
magnesium is low. Sodium chloride (0.9%) is the
initial replacement fluid of choice in the management
of dehydration. Sodium bicarbonate can be added to
replacement fluid because acidosis is usually
associated with dehydration.
What is the most appropriate method of rehydrating Brian,
a mildly dehydrated 4 year old?
a. Administer intravenous fluids.
b. Give an oral rehydration solution.
c. Give soft drinks that have been diluted and
decarbonated.
d. Give small amounts of gelatin or clear liquids such as
juice and water. Correct Answer b. Give an oral
rehydration solution.
