1. Which camera sensor format typically offers the best low-light
performance?
A) 1/3" CCD
B) 1/2.8" CMOS
C) 1/1.8" CMOS
D) 1/4" CMOS
Answer: C. 1/1.8" CMOS.
Explanation: Larger sensors (1/1.8") have larger photosites, improving
light gathering and low-light performance.
2. ONVIF compliance primarily ensures interoperability between:
A) Network switches and routers
B) Cameras and video management systems (VMS)
C) Power supplies and POE injectors
D) Video codecs and monitors
Answer: B. Cameras and VMS.
Explanation: ONVIF is a standard for network video device
interoperability (discovery, streaming, events).
3. PoE standard that provides up to 60W per port is:
A) IEEE 802.3af
B) IEEE 802.3at
C) IEEE 802.3bt Type 3
D) IEEE 802.3bt Type 4
Answer: C. IEEE 802.3bt Type 3.
Explanation: Type 3 (PoE+) provides up to 60W; Type 4 goes to 100W;
802.3af is 15.4W and at is 30W.
4. Which lens specification controls the field of view?
A) F-number
B) Focal length
, C) Resolution
D) IR cut filter
Answer: B. Focal length.
Explanation: Focal length determines angle of view; shorter focal =
wider FOV.
5. What is the primary purpose of IR cut filter (ICR) in day/night cameras?
A) Magnify the image
B) Block infrared during day to preserve color
C) Reduce bandwidth
D) Improve thermal performance
Answer: B. Block infrared during day to preserve color.
Explanation: ICR prevents IR light from distorting daytime color; it’s
removed at night to allow IR sensitivity.
6. H.265 (HEVC) compared with H.264 typically provides:
A) Lower compression efficiency
B) Higher bitrate for same quality
C) Better compression (lower bitrate for same quality)
D) Only useful for analog systems
Answer: C. Better compression.
Explanation: H.265 achieves similar quality at lower bitrates than H.264,
reducing storage and bandwidth.
7. Which storage type provides redundancy by striping data across multiple
drives with parity?
A) JBOD
B) RAID 0
C) RAID 5
D) RAID 1
Answer: C. RAID 5.
Explanation: RAID 5 stripes data with distributed parity allowing
recovery from one drive failure.
8. For a 4MP camera recording at 15 fps, which factor most affects network
bandwidth?
A) Camera brand
B) Compression codec and bitrate settings
C) Lens focal length
D) Camera weight
, Answer: B. Compression codec and bitrate.
Explanation: Codec and target bitrate determine the actual bytes per
second sent over network.
9. Which cabling is recommended for PoE devices in long runs up to 100
meters?
A) CAT3
B) CAT5e or CAT6
C) Coax RG59
D) Fiber only
Answer: B. CAT5e or CAT6.
Explanation: Cat5e/Cat6 supports Gigabit Ethernet and PoE up to 100
meters; fiber needed for longer distances.
10.When designing for minimum storage retention, which parameter is
NOT directly needed?
A) Camera bitrates
B) Number of cameras
C) Retention days
D) Brand of monitor
Answer: D. Brand of monitor.
Explanation: Monitor brand doesn't affect storage calculation.
11.Which is the best approach to prevent single point of failure in a VMS
server?
A) Use a single large HDD
B) Redundant servers and failover clustering
C) Disable motion detection
D) Use cheaper switches
Answer: B. Redundant servers and failover clustering.
Explanation: Redundancy and clustering prevent service outage on
server failure.
12.What does WDR (Wide Dynamic Range) do?
A) Reduces resolution
B) Helps cameras capture details in very bright and very dark areas
simultaneously
C) Increases frame rate
D) Improves wireless range
Answer: B. Helps capture details across bright & dark areas.
, Explanation: WDR blends multiple exposure levels to reveal detail in
high-contrast scenes.
13.Which metric defines sharpness/resolution in CCTV sensors?
A) Lux rating
B) TVL (for analog) or MP/resolution (for digital)
C) F-number
D) IP rating
Answer: B. TVL or megapixels/resolution.
Explanation: TVL and megapixels indicate image detail/resolution.
14.For long-term evidence, what is the best practice for video export?
A) Export only thumbnails
B) Export native format with checksums and chain-of-custody
documentation
C) Export to a mobile phone only
D) Re-record footage through camera app
Answer: B. Native format with checksum and chain-of-custody.
Explanation: Preserves integrity and admissibility in legal contexts.
15.In IP network planning, MTU size matters for:
A) Camera focal length
B) Maximum frame size transmitted without fragmentation
C) PoE power delivery
D) Lens aperture
Answer: B. Maximum frame size transmitted.
Explanation: MTU defines largest IP packet size before fragmentation;
affects performance with large frames.
16.What is the major benefit of using multisensor panoramic cameras?
A) Higher IR output
B) Lower bandwidth than single-sensor cameras
C) Wider coverage with fewer cameras
D) Cheaper licensing
Answer: C. Wider coverage with fewer cameras.
Explanation: Multi-sensor cameras combine multiple modules to cover
wide areas, reducing camera count.
17.Which authentication mechanism is stronger?
A) Default admin password
performance?
A) 1/3" CCD
B) 1/2.8" CMOS
C) 1/1.8" CMOS
D) 1/4" CMOS
Answer: C. 1/1.8" CMOS.
Explanation: Larger sensors (1/1.8") have larger photosites, improving
light gathering and low-light performance.
2. ONVIF compliance primarily ensures interoperability between:
A) Network switches and routers
B) Cameras and video management systems (VMS)
C) Power supplies and POE injectors
D) Video codecs and monitors
Answer: B. Cameras and VMS.
Explanation: ONVIF is a standard for network video device
interoperability (discovery, streaming, events).
3. PoE standard that provides up to 60W per port is:
A) IEEE 802.3af
B) IEEE 802.3at
C) IEEE 802.3bt Type 3
D) IEEE 802.3bt Type 4
Answer: C. IEEE 802.3bt Type 3.
Explanation: Type 3 (PoE+) provides up to 60W; Type 4 goes to 100W;
802.3af is 15.4W and at is 30W.
4. Which lens specification controls the field of view?
A) F-number
B) Focal length
, C) Resolution
D) IR cut filter
Answer: B. Focal length.
Explanation: Focal length determines angle of view; shorter focal =
wider FOV.
5. What is the primary purpose of IR cut filter (ICR) in day/night cameras?
A) Magnify the image
B) Block infrared during day to preserve color
C) Reduce bandwidth
D) Improve thermal performance
Answer: B. Block infrared during day to preserve color.
Explanation: ICR prevents IR light from distorting daytime color; it’s
removed at night to allow IR sensitivity.
6. H.265 (HEVC) compared with H.264 typically provides:
A) Lower compression efficiency
B) Higher bitrate for same quality
C) Better compression (lower bitrate for same quality)
D) Only useful for analog systems
Answer: C. Better compression.
Explanation: H.265 achieves similar quality at lower bitrates than H.264,
reducing storage and bandwidth.
7. Which storage type provides redundancy by striping data across multiple
drives with parity?
A) JBOD
B) RAID 0
C) RAID 5
D) RAID 1
Answer: C. RAID 5.
Explanation: RAID 5 stripes data with distributed parity allowing
recovery from one drive failure.
8. For a 4MP camera recording at 15 fps, which factor most affects network
bandwidth?
A) Camera brand
B) Compression codec and bitrate settings
C) Lens focal length
D) Camera weight
, Answer: B. Compression codec and bitrate.
Explanation: Codec and target bitrate determine the actual bytes per
second sent over network.
9. Which cabling is recommended for PoE devices in long runs up to 100
meters?
A) CAT3
B) CAT5e or CAT6
C) Coax RG59
D) Fiber only
Answer: B. CAT5e or CAT6.
Explanation: Cat5e/Cat6 supports Gigabit Ethernet and PoE up to 100
meters; fiber needed for longer distances.
10.When designing for minimum storage retention, which parameter is
NOT directly needed?
A) Camera bitrates
B) Number of cameras
C) Retention days
D) Brand of monitor
Answer: D. Brand of monitor.
Explanation: Monitor brand doesn't affect storage calculation.
11.Which is the best approach to prevent single point of failure in a VMS
server?
A) Use a single large HDD
B) Redundant servers and failover clustering
C) Disable motion detection
D) Use cheaper switches
Answer: B. Redundant servers and failover clustering.
Explanation: Redundancy and clustering prevent service outage on
server failure.
12.What does WDR (Wide Dynamic Range) do?
A) Reduces resolution
B) Helps cameras capture details in very bright and very dark areas
simultaneously
C) Increases frame rate
D) Improves wireless range
Answer: B. Helps capture details across bright & dark areas.
, Explanation: WDR blends multiple exposure levels to reveal detail in
high-contrast scenes.
13.Which metric defines sharpness/resolution in CCTV sensors?
A) Lux rating
B) TVL (for analog) or MP/resolution (for digital)
C) F-number
D) IP rating
Answer: B. TVL or megapixels/resolution.
Explanation: TVL and megapixels indicate image detail/resolution.
14.For long-term evidence, what is the best practice for video export?
A) Export only thumbnails
B) Export native format with checksums and chain-of-custody
documentation
C) Export to a mobile phone only
D) Re-record footage through camera app
Answer: B. Native format with checksum and chain-of-custody.
Explanation: Preserves integrity and admissibility in legal contexts.
15.In IP network planning, MTU size matters for:
A) Camera focal length
B) Maximum frame size transmitted without fragmentation
C) PoE power delivery
D) Lens aperture
Answer: B. Maximum frame size transmitted.
Explanation: MTU defines largest IP packet size before fragmentation;
affects performance with large frames.
16.What is the major benefit of using multisensor panoramic cameras?
A) Higher IR output
B) Lower bandwidth than single-sensor cameras
C) Wider coverage with fewer cameras
D) Cheaper licensing
Answer: C. Wider coverage with fewer cameras.
Explanation: Multi-sensor cameras combine multiple modules to cover
wide areas, reducing camera count.
17.Which authentication mechanism is stronger?
A) Default admin password
