WGU Pathophysiology D236
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - (correct Answer) - T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - (correct Answer) - Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - (correct Answer) - Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - (correct Answer) - (ex)
Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - (correct Answer) - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
DKA - (correct Answer) - increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - (correct Answer) - retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - (correct Answer) - Potassium
West Nile Virus - (correct Answer) - Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - (correct Answer) - Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - (correct Answer) - a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - (correct Answer) - Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - (correct Answer) - arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - (correct Answer) - results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - (correct Answer) - males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - (correct Answer) - ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - (correct Answer) - Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - (correct Answer) - Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
, Describe Myasthenia Gravis - (correct Answer) - It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with
ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - (correct Answer) - inflammation of the skin
eczema - (correct Answer) - noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - (correct Answer) - sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - (correct Answer) - superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - (correct Answer) - noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - (correct Answer) - uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - (correct Answer) - The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - (correct Answer) - disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - (correct Answer) - red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - (correct Answer) - fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
Rickets - (correct Answer) - a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - (correct Answer) - A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal
structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - (correct Answer) - Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of
bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower
spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - (correct Answer) - splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - (correct Answer) - 1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - (correct Answer) - Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - (correct Answer) - T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - (correct Answer) - Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - (correct Answer) - Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - (correct Answer) - (ex)
Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - (correct Answer) - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
DKA - (correct Answer) - increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - (correct Answer) - retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - (correct Answer) - Potassium
West Nile Virus - (correct Answer) - Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - (correct Answer) - Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - (correct Answer) - a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - (correct Answer) - Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - (correct Answer) - arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - (correct Answer) - results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - (correct Answer) - males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - (correct Answer) - ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - (correct Answer) - Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - (correct Answer) - Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
, Describe Myasthenia Gravis - (correct Answer) - It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with
ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - (correct Answer) - inflammation of the skin
eczema - (correct Answer) - noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - (correct Answer) - sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - (correct Answer) - superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - (correct Answer) - noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - (correct Answer) - uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - (correct Answer) - The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - (correct Answer) - disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - (correct Answer) - red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - (correct Answer) - fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
Rickets - (correct Answer) - a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - (correct Answer) - A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal
structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - (correct Answer) - Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of
bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower
spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - (correct Answer) - splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - (correct Answer) - 1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - (correct Answer) - Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure
