MMSC490 Final Exam 2025 with
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detailed correct answers
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The |eukaryotic |cell |cycle |is |composed |of |four |phases |in |the |following |order:
a. |G1; |S; |G2; |M
b. |G1; |G2; |S; |M
c. |G1; |M; |G2; |S
d. |S; |G1; |G2; |M |- |correct |answersA
The |length |of |time |it |takes |for |the |cells |labeled |during |DNA |synthesis |to |begin |to |enter |mitosis
|is |a |good |estimate |of |the |length |of |the |_______ |phase(s).
a. |G1
b. |S
c. |G2
d. |M |- |correct |answersC
In |a |typical |cycling |mammalian |cell, |_______ |of |the |cell |cycle |is |spent |in |interphase.
a. |99%
b. |95%
c. |75%
d. |50% |- |correct |answersB
Cell |cycles |of |early |embryonic |animal |cells |are |unusual |because |they |have
a. |no |G1 |or |G2.
b. |an |elongated |G1 |and |G2.
c. |a |short |S.
,d. |a |much |shortened |M. |- |correct |answersA
The |number |of |cells |in |the |different |phases |of |a |population |can |be |determined |most |easily |by |
using |a(n) |_______ |to |measure |the |amount |of |DNA |per |cell |in |a |large |sample |of |cells.
a. |scintillation |counter
b. |flow |cytometer
c. |fluorescence |microscope
d. |phase-contrast |microscope |after |autoradiography |- |correct |answersB
Which |of |the |following |represents |the |amount |of |DNA |in |a |typical |G2 |cell?
a. |n
b. |2n
c. |4n
d. |8n |- |correct |answersC
The |G1 |checkpoint |in |budding |yeast |cells |is |called
a. |START.
b. |the |restriction |point.
c. |the |decision |point.
d. |the |G1/S |boundary. |- |correct |answersA
The |G1 |checkpoint |in |animal |cells |is |called
a. |START.
b. |the |restriction |point.
c. |the |decision |point.
d. |the |G1/S |boundary. |- |correct |answersB
,Skin |fibroblasts |arrested |in |G0 |are |stimulated |near |a |wound |to |enter |G1 |by |_______ |growth |
factor.
a. |epidermal
b. |fibroblast
c. |platelet-derived
d. |keratinocyte |- |correct |answersC
The |G2 |checkpoint |prevents |entry |into |_______ |if |_______.
a. |G1; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged
b. |S; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged
c. |G2; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged
d. |M; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged |- |correct |answersD
Maturation |promotion |factor |(MPF), |discovered |by |Masui |and |Markert, |is |the |factor |that
a. |is |missing |in |the |cdc2 |mutant |in |yeast.
b. |induces |entry |into |meiosis |when |injected |into |frog |oocytes.
c. |fluctuates |in |amount |during |early |cleavages |of |sea |urchin |eggs.
d. |fluctuates |in |amount |during |the |cell |cycle |of |mammalian |cells. |- |correct |answersB
MPF |is |a
a. |monomeric |protein |kinase.
b. |dimer |of |two |molecules |of |Cdk1.
c. |dimer |of |Cdk1 |and |cyclin |A.
d. |dimer |of |Cdk1 |and |cyclin |B. |- |correct |answersD
, MPF |is |a |general |regulator |of |the |transition |from
a. |G1 |to |S.
b. |S |to |G2.
c. |G2 |to |M.
d. |metaphase |to |anaphase. |- |correct |answersC
Studies |on |cell |cycle |mutants |in |budding |and |fission |yeasts |demonstrated |that |cdc2 |and |cdc28
|both |encode |a
a. |protein |kinase.
b. |protein |phosphatase.
c. |ubiquinating |enzyme.
d. |growth |factor. |- |correct |answersA
Two |sea |urchin |proteins |were |named |cyclin |A |and |B |because, |during |the |embryonic |cell |cycle, |
they |were |periodically
a. |activated |and |inactivated |by |phosphorylation |and |dephosphorylation.
b. |synthesized |and |degraded.
c. |bound |and |released |by |another |protein.
d. |ubiquitylated |and |non-ubiquitylated. |- |correct |answersB
To |become |active, |Cdk1 |must
a. |bind |cyclin.
b. |bind |cyclin |and |be |phosphorylated |on |tyrosine |15 |and |threonines |14 |and |161.
c. |bind |cyclin |and |be |phosphorylated |on |tyrosine |15, |and |be |dephosphorylated |on |threonines |
14 |and |161.
d. |bind |cyclin |and |be |phosphorylated |on |threonine |161, |and |be |dephosphorylated |on |
threonine |14 |and |tyrosine |15. |- |correct |answersB
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detailed correct answers
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The |eukaryotic |cell |cycle |is |composed |of |four |phases |in |the |following |order:
a. |G1; |S; |G2; |M
b. |G1; |G2; |S; |M
c. |G1; |M; |G2; |S
d. |S; |G1; |G2; |M |- |correct |answersA
The |length |of |time |it |takes |for |the |cells |labeled |during |DNA |synthesis |to |begin |to |enter |mitosis
|is |a |good |estimate |of |the |length |of |the |_______ |phase(s).
a. |G1
b. |S
c. |G2
d. |M |- |correct |answersC
In |a |typical |cycling |mammalian |cell, |_______ |of |the |cell |cycle |is |spent |in |interphase.
a. |99%
b. |95%
c. |75%
d. |50% |- |correct |answersB
Cell |cycles |of |early |embryonic |animal |cells |are |unusual |because |they |have
a. |no |G1 |or |G2.
b. |an |elongated |G1 |and |G2.
c. |a |short |S.
,d. |a |much |shortened |M. |- |correct |answersA
The |number |of |cells |in |the |different |phases |of |a |population |can |be |determined |most |easily |by |
using |a(n) |_______ |to |measure |the |amount |of |DNA |per |cell |in |a |large |sample |of |cells.
a. |scintillation |counter
b. |flow |cytometer
c. |fluorescence |microscope
d. |phase-contrast |microscope |after |autoradiography |- |correct |answersB
Which |of |the |following |represents |the |amount |of |DNA |in |a |typical |G2 |cell?
a. |n
b. |2n
c. |4n
d. |8n |- |correct |answersC
The |G1 |checkpoint |in |budding |yeast |cells |is |called
a. |START.
b. |the |restriction |point.
c. |the |decision |point.
d. |the |G1/S |boundary. |- |correct |answersA
The |G1 |checkpoint |in |animal |cells |is |called
a. |START.
b. |the |restriction |point.
c. |the |decision |point.
d. |the |G1/S |boundary. |- |correct |answersB
,Skin |fibroblasts |arrested |in |G0 |are |stimulated |near |a |wound |to |enter |G1 |by |_______ |growth |
factor.
a. |epidermal
b. |fibroblast
c. |platelet-derived
d. |keratinocyte |- |correct |answersC
The |G2 |checkpoint |prevents |entry |into |_______ |if |_______.
a. |G1; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged
b. |S; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged
c. |G2; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged
d. |M; |DNA |synthesis |is |not |complete |and/or |DNA |is |damaged |- |correct |answersD
Maturation |promotion |factor |(MPF), |discovered |by |Masui |and |Markert, |is |the |factor |that
a. |is |missing |in |the |cdc2 |mutant |in |yeast.
b. |induces |entry |into |meiosis |when |injected |into |frog |oocytes.
c. |fluctuates |in |amount |during |early |cleavages |of |sea |urchin |eggs.
d. |fluctuates |in |amount |during |the |cell |cycle |of |mammalian |cells. |- |correct |answersB
MPF |is |a
a. |monomeric |protein |kinase.
b. |dimer |of |two |molecules |of |Cdk1.
c. |dimer |of |Cdk1 |and |cyclin |A.
d. |dimer |of |Cdk1 |and |cyclin |B. |- |correct |answersD
, MPF |is |a |general |regulator |of |the |transition |from
a. |G1 |to |S.
b. |S |to |G2.
c. |G2 |to |M.
d. |metaphase |to |anaphase. |- |correct |answersC
Studies |on |cell |cycle |mutants |in |budding |and |fission |yeasts |demonstrated |that |cdc2 |and |cdc28
|both |encode |a
a. |protein |kinase.
b. |protein |phosphatase.
c. |ubiquinating |enzyme.
d. |growth |factor. |- |correct |answersA
Two |sea |urchin |proteins |were |named |cyclin |A |and |B |because, |during |the |embryonic |cell |cycle, |
they |were |periodically
a. |activated |and |inactivated |by |phosphorylation |and |dephosphorylation.
b. |synthesized |and |degraded.
c. |bound |and |released |by |another |protein.
d. |ubiquitylated |and |non-ubiquitylated. |- |correct |answersB
To |become |active, |Cdk1 |must
a. |bind |cyclin.
b. |bind |cyclin |and |be |phosphorylated |on |tyrosine |15 |and |threonines |14 |and |161.
c. |bind |cyclin |and |be |phosphorylated |on |tyrosine |15, |and |be |dephosphorylated |on |threonines |
14 |and |161.
d. |bind |cyclin |and |be |phosphorylated |on |threonine |161, |and |be |dephosphorylated |on |
threonine |14 |and |tyrosine |15. |- |correct |answersB
