Cardiac/Vascular nursing exam
Ascending Aorta -
-begins from the aortic valve and extends from the left ventricle of the heart to the aortic arch.
-Supplies the Coronary Arteries
Aortic Arch -
Supplies the Brachiocephalic Artery,
Left Common Carotid Artery, and the Left Subclavian Artery
Descending Aorta -
major portion of the aorta that extends from the aortic arch to the trunk of the body. It forms the
thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta.
Coronary Arteries and the myocardium are perfused during -
diastole
P- wave represents -
atrial depolarization
Q wave represents -
beginning of ventricular depolarization
Inferior chest leads -
II, III, aVF
RCA occlusion
Anterior chest leads -
V3, V4
LAD occlusion
Septal chest leads -
V1, V2
LAD occlusion
Lateral chest leads -
I, aVL, V5,V6
Circumflex occlusion
T wave represents -
ventricular repolarization
Sympathetic nervous system releases -
norepinephrine ( causes pupil dilation, increased sweating, increased heart rate, and increased blood
pressure)
, Parasympathetic nervous system releases -
acetylcholine (decreases heart rate, decreases blood pressure, pupils constrict, increases digestion
and urinary output)
RCA supplies -
Right atrium, right ventricle, SA/AV nodes, posterior portion of right bundle branch
Occlusion causes AV blocks and bradycardias
Circumflex artery supplies -
side wall of the left ventricle and posterior portion of Left bundle branch
LAD supplies -
Anterior portion of heart, portion of the septum, left ventricle, left bundle branch
Occlusion causes BBB's, Vtach, Vfib
Peripheral vascular resistance -
a resistance to the flow of blood determined by the tone of the vascular musculature and the diameter
of the blood vessels.
It is responsible for blood pressure when coupled with stroke volume.
Cardiac output -
Stroke volume x heart rate
Preload -
volume returned to the heart. The force exerted on the walls of ventricle at the end of diastole
Contractility -
force of myocardial contraction
After load -
pump or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to open the semilunar valves
normal stroke volume -
60-130 mL's each beat
4-6 L per minute
Frank-Starling's Law of the Heart -
to a point, the greater the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole, the more forceful
the cardiac contraction
Estrogen -
decreases LDL oxidation, promotes endothelial vasodilation and enhances glucose metabolism
# 1 risk factor of stroke -
HTN
Sleep Apnea -
causes decreased cerebral perfusion, increases coagulability and diurnal HTN
Ascending Aorta -
-begins from the aortic valve and extends from the left ventricle of the heart to the aortic arch.
-Supplies the Coronary Arteries
Aortic Arch -
Supplies the Brachiocephalic Artery,
Left Common Carotid Artery, and the Left Subclavian Artery
Descending Aorta -
major portion of the aorta that extends from the aortic arch to the trunk of the body. It forms the
thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta.
Coronary Arteries and the myocardium are perfused during -
diastole
P- wave represents -
atrial depolarization
Q wave represents -
beginning of ventricular depolarization
Inferior chest leads -
II, III, aVF
RCA occlusion
Anterior chest leads -
V3, V4
LAD occlusion
Septal chest leads -
V1, V2
LAD occlusion
Lateral chest leads -
I, aVL, V5,V6
Circumflex occlusion
T wave represents -
ventricular repolarization
Sympathetic nervous system releases -
norepinephrine ( causes pupil dilation, increased sweating, increased heart rate, and increased blood
pressure)
, Parasympathetic nervous system releases -
acetylcholine (decreases heart rate, decreases blood pressure, pupils constrict, increases digestion
and urinary output)
RCA supplies -
Right atrium, right ventricle, SA/AV nodes, posterior portion of right bundle branch
Occlusion causes AV blocks and bradycardias
Circumflex artery supplies -
side wall of the left ventricle and posterior portion of Left bundle branch
LAD supplies -
Anterior portion of heart, portion of the septum, left ventricle, left bundle branch
Occlusion causes BBB's, Vtach, Vfib
Peripheral vascular resistance -
a resistance to the flow of blood determined by the tone of the vascular musculature and the diameter
of the blood vessels.
It is responsible for blood pressure when coupled with stroke volume.
Cardiac output -
Stroke volume x heart rate
Preload -
volume returned to the heart. The force exerted on the walls of ventricle at the end of diastole
Contractility -
force of myocardial contraction
After load -
pump or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to open the semilunar valves
normal stroke volume -
60-130 mL's each beat
4-6 L per minute
Frank-Starling's Law of the Heart -
to a point, the greater the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole, the more forceful
the cardiac contraction
Estrogen -
decreases LDL oxidation, promotes endothelial vasodilation and enhances glucose metabolism
# 1 risk factor of stroke -
HTN
Sleep Apnea -
causes decreased cerebral perfusion, increases coagulability and diurnal HTN
