MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
UNIT CODE & NAME SPH 111 – FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS II
WRITTEN BY: HENRY BARASA EDITED BY:
WAFULA
PATRICK TONUI
1
,Copyright © MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY 2012
All Rights Reserved
Published By:
MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY PRESS
2
,INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Module SPH 111; Fundamentals of Physics. This is a First year second semester
module and we expect you to have gone through the previous module year 1 semester 1
which is a prerequisite of this module.
In this module, you will learn about fundamentals of physics equips the learner with
knowledge and skills, that will give you an overview of the basic tenets of the physical
world. The module sph 111 Fundamentals of physics II provides a comprehensive
background in the fundamental areas of the discipline in pure physics and applied physics as
a prerequisite learner should have done module SPH110 Fundamentals of Physics I.
This module has six major topics. Every topic has sections as you will see in the module.
Ensure that you have read and understood every topic before you proceed to the next one. In
every topic you will find symbols that give instructions on what is expected of you for
example to take a note on an important aspect; to do an activity or even to refer to previous
modules. At the end every topic there will be a self check where you are expected to assess
your understanding and to give yourself a score in order to measure your level of
understanding. It is my hope that you will enjoy reading this module and please feel free to
comment on the whole module.
AIM
This module SPH 111 intends to equip you with knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to help you
apprehend fundamentals of physics necessary in understanding basic operations of modern equipments
and instrumentation.
3
, COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this course, the learner will be able to:
1. Explain the principles of the magnetic field define magnetic flux, magnetic flux
density, permeability, reluctance, magneto motive force and discuss hysteresis
curve.
2. Use Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's rules to determine the current through each resistor
and the voltage drop across each resistor in a single loop or multiloop dc circuit.
3. Determine the equivalent resistance/capacitance of resistors/capacitors arranged in
series or in parallel or the equivalent capacitance of a series parallel combination.
4. Determine impedance and phase angles of series RC, RL and RCL circuits.
5. Explain the function of semiconductors; describe the basic differences between
intrinsic and doped semiconductors and trace how current flows through these
different materials.
6. Use the conditions for constructive and destructive interference of waves to explain
the interference patterns observed in the Young's double slit experiment, single slit
diffraction, diffraction grating, and thin film interference.
7. Locate by ray tracing the image of an object formed by spherical mirrors/lenses.
8. List Bohr's postulates and use these postulates to explain the emission spectra
produced by the hydrogen atom, explain X-ray spectra and distinguish between
fusion and fission.
This module consists of six topics namely;
Topic 1: Magnetism 1
Topic 2: Direct and alternating current electricity
Topic 3: Basic electronics and Semiconductor theory
Topic 4: Optics
Topic 5: Particle and wave theories of light
Topic 6: Modern physics
4
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
UNIT CODE & NAME SPH 111 – FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS II
WRITTEN BY: HENRY BARASA EDITED BY:
WAFULA
PATRICK TONUI
1
,Copyright © MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY 2012
All Rights Reserved
Published By:
MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY PRESS
2
,INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Module SPH 111; Fundamentals of Physics. This is a First year second semester
module and we expect you to have gone through the previous module year 1 semester 1
which is a prerequisite of this module.
In this module, you will learn about fundamentals of physics equips the learner with
knowledge and skills, that will give you an overview of the basic tenets of the physical
world. The module sph 111 Fundamentals of physics II provides a comprehensive
background in the fundamental areas of the discipline in pure physics and applied physics as
a prerequisite learner should have done module SPH110 Fundamentals of Physics I.
This module has six major topics. Every topic has sections as you will see in the module.
Ensure that you have read and understood every topic before you proceed to the next one. In
every topic you will find symbols that give instructions on what is expected of you for
example to take a note on an important aspect; to do an activity or even to refer to previous
modules. At the end every topic there will be a self check where you are expected to assess
your understanding and to give yourself a score in order to measure your level of
understanding. It is my hope that you will enjoy reading this module and please feel free to
comment on the whole module.
AIM
This module SPH 111 intends to equip you with knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to help you
apprehend fundamentals of physics necessary in understanding basic operations of modern equipments
and instrumentation.
3
, COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this course, the learner will be able to:
1. Explain the principles of the magnetic field define magnetic flux, magnetic flux
density, permeability, reluctance, magneto motive force and discuss hysteresis
curve.
2. Use Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's rules to determine the current through each resistor
and the voltage drop across each resistor in a single loop or multiloop dc circuit.
3. Determine the equivalent resistance/capacitance of resistors/capacitors arranged in
series or in parallel or the equivalent capacitance of a series parallel combination.
4. Determine impedance and phase angles of series RC, RL and RCL circuits.
5. Explain the function of semiconductors; describe the basic differences between
intrinsic and doped semiconductors and trace how current flows through these
different materials.
6. Use the conditions for constructive and destructive interference of waves to explain
the interference patterns observed in the Young's double slit experiment, single slit
diffraction, diffraction grating, and thin film interference.
7. Locate by ray tracing the image of an object formed by spherical mirrors/lenses.
8. List Bohr's postulates and use these postulates to explain the emission spectra
produced by the hydrogen atom, explain X-ray spectra and distinguish between
fusion and fission.
This module consists of six topics namely;
Topic 1: Magnetism 1
Topic 2: Direct and alternating current electricity
Topic 3: Basic electronics and Semiconductor theory
Topic 4: Optics
Topic 5: Particle and wave theories of light
Topic 6: Modern physics
4
