LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
1. U.S. Government provides approximately how much in
research/development funds spent by college and university?: 2/3
2. What information is important on grant applications to request funds?:
Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of
relevant literature and all procedures to be performed
3. What is the difference between NIH & NSF?: NIH: primary granting agency:
academia, federal agencies, biomedical research NSF: Basic research in math,
medicine, and biology
4. The USDA stands for what?: United States Department of Agriculture
5. The USDA is responsible for what?: Enforces and amends AWA
Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
Animals exempt from AWA
Research institutions mst register with
Supply annual reports
Inspection records through the FOIA
Unscheduled inspection once per year
6. What does the FOIA stand for?: Freedom of Information Act - provides the
USDA's inspection records
7. What is the Public Health Service Policy?: Institutions which receive funding
from PHS and NIH must follow these guidelines, requires filing of an Amimal
Welfare Assurance document that demonstrates the institution is following the
Guid, PHS policy, AWA, and any other applicable laws
8. The FDA has many responsibilites including:: Assures that new drugs and
medical devices are safe and effective before approved for use in humans
Monitors drug approval
Includes human, and veterinary drugs, food, and medical devices
Requires that effectiveness be demonstrated through well controlled investigations
9. What is GLP?: Good Laboratory Practices
Established in 1978 with implementation of laboratory audits and inspection
programs
Details requirements for QA and SOPs
10. What is the importance of importation and transportations regulations?:
For the protection of humans and environment from potential disease carrying
organisms
11. Which agencies control importation?: CDC, USDA, and US Fish & Wildlife
Service
, LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
12. Institutional polices are established for:: facility operations care and use
procedures
veterinary support
physical plant
13. Standard operating procedures relate to:: wall aspects of animal care and
support
personnel management
health surveillance of animals and personnel equipment
investigators
14. What are the functions of IACUCs and who mandates?: mandated by AWA,
PHS policy, and the Guide
Review and approve protocols for animal use
Review animal use program and perform animal facilities inspections at least every
6 months
15. What has to happen before animal research can begin?: principal
investigator provides written details of how animals will be used in the research
project IACUC must review all protocols using animals and must approve all
protocols before any animal research can begin
16. What does the IACUC determine?: Can deny permission ro start a project can
stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols
yearly
17. What is the AAALAC, International?: Association for Assessment and
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care
and use programs by scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and
research animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
18. Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records?: Determine if
procedures are followed according to established standards Determine
whether environmental controls are properly maintained
Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
19. What is PHS Policy?: All assurance records related directly to grant
applications, research proposals, and changes of research activities > 3yrs after
, LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
completion 20. Centralized: Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1
director for entire institution; All personnel associated with the animal facility; All
other purchases, per diem, depreciation, inventories, operational costs, and
supplies
21. Decentralized: Each department has own animal facility and operating
budget; each department has own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care
staffing 22. Direct costs: Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and
operational exprenses (depend on # animals being housed)
23. Indirect Costs: physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
24. Cost Centers: Cage washing, laboratory services
25. Why is cost accounting important?: Individulal costs used for projecting
future cost; comparisons reveal areas in which costs can be reduced; per diem
components
(expense to maintain 1 animal for 1 day)
26. Calculating per diem charges: Internal direct costs are incurred for the
husbandry of animals and for other services provided by the animal facility for
the benefits of special projects
27. If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period
and the average daily census is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge
needed to recover these costs?: Divide $27,375 by 365 and multiply the result
by 25 = 3.00 28. What are somethings to keep in mind when considering
injection techniques?: Injections with needles and syringes used to administer
various substances; syringe construction and sizes; considerations for blood
withdrawal; proper disposal, common routes of injection
29. Intramuscular Injection (IM): Generally given in hind legs (most desirable
site is large muscle mass); alternative site are the muscles posterior to femur; do
not inject too much material
30. Intraperitoneal Injection (IP): Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen
(avoid bladder and cecum); Slight resistance may be encountered; Aspirate prior to
injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine or cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
31. Intradermal Injection (ID): Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage
needle typically used; Needle directed at 20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small
quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
32. Subcutaneous Injection: Placed in the more vascular space between skin
and underlying muscle; large area subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent
of skin; entering the injection site then 0 resistance; precautions - hand puncture,
inject out other side
, LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
33. Intravenous Injection (IV): IV access sites in common lab animals; site
preparation (disinfect); Use pressure to disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree
angle to skin; removing the needle - apply pressure
34. Blood collection techniques are used as...: aid to diagnose disease:
Collection site and amount determined by species and test type
35. Blood Collection Techniques - Dog: Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or
jugular vein
1. U.S. Government provides approximately how much in
research/development funds spent by college and university?: 2/3
2. What information is important on grant applications to request funds?:
Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of
relevant literature and all procedures to be performed
3. What is the difference between NIH & NSF?: NIH: primary granting agency:
academia, federal agencies, biomedical research NSF: Basic research in math,
medicine, and biology
4. The USDA stands for what?: United States Department of Agriculture
5. The USDA is responsible for what?: Enforces and amends AWA
Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
Animals exempt from AWA
Research institutions mst register with
Supply annual reports
Inspection records through the FOIA
Unscheduled inspection once per year
6. What does the FOIA stand for?: Freedom of Information Act - provides the
USDA's inspection records
7. What is the Public Health Service Policy?: Institutions which receive funding
from PHS and NIH must follow these guidelines, requires filing of an Amimal
Welfare Assurance document that demonstrates the institution is following the
Guid, PHS policy, AWA, and any other applicable laws
8. The FDA has many responsibilites including:: Assures that new drugs and
medical devices are safe and effective before approved for use in humans
Monitors drug approval
Includes human, and veterinary drugs, food, and medical devices
Requires that effectiveness be demonstrated through well controlled investigations
9. What is GLP?: Good Laboratory Practices
Established in 1978 with implementation of laboratory audits and inspection
programs
Details requirements for QA and SOPs
10. What is the importance of importation and transportations regulations?:
For the protection of humans and environment from potential disease carrying
organisms
11. Which agencies control importation?: CDC, USDA, and US Fish & Wildlife
Service
, LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
12. Institutional polices are established for:: facility operations care and use
procedures
veterinary support
physical plant
13. Standard operating procedures relate to:: wall aspects of animal care and
support
personnel management
health surveillance of animals and personnel equipment
investigators
14. What are the functions of IACUCs and who mandates?: mandated by AWA,
PHS policy, and the Guide
Review and approve protocols for animal use
Review animal use program and perform animal facilities inspections at least every
6 months
15. What has to happen before animal research can begin?: principal
investigator provides written details of how animals will be used in the research
project IACUC must review all protocols using animals and must approve all
protocols before any animal research can begin
16. What does the IACUC determine?: Can deny permission ro start a project can
stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols
yearly
17. What is the AAALAC, International?: Association for Assessment and
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care
and use programs by scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and
research animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
18. Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records?: Determine if
procedures are followed according to established standards Determine
whether environmental controls are properly maintained
Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
19. What is PHS Policy?: All assurance records related directly to grant
applications, research proposals, and changes of research activities > 3yrs after
, LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
completion 20. Centralized: Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1
director for entire institution; All personnel associated with the animal facility; All
other purchases, per diem, depreciation, inventories, operational costs, and
supplies
21. Decentralized: Each department has own animal facility and operating
budget; each department has own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care
staffing 22. Direct costs: Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and
operational exprenses (depend on # animals being housed)
23. Indirect Costs: physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
24. Cost Centers: Cage washing, laboratory services
25. Why is cost accounting important?: Individulal costs used for projecting
future cost; comparisons reveal areas in which costs can be reduced; per diem
components
(expense to maintain 1 animal for 1 day)
26. Calculating per diem charges: Internal direct costs are incurred for the
husbandry of animals and for other services provided by the animal facility for
the benefits of special projects
27. If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period
and the average daily census is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge
needed to recover these costs?: Divide $27,375 by 365 and multiply the result
by 25 = 3.00 28. What are somethings to keep in mind when considering
injection techniques?: Injections with needles and syringes used to administer
various substances; syringe construction and sizes; considerations for blood
withdrawal; proper disposal, common routes of injection
29. Intramuscular Injection (IM): Generally given in hind legs (most desirable
site is large muscle mass); alternative site are the muscles posterior to femur; do
not inject too much material
30. Intraperitoneal Injection (IP): Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen
(avoid bladder and cecum); Slight resistance may be encountered; Aspirate prior to
injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine or cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
31. Intradermal Injection (ID): Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage
needle typically used; Needle directed at 20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small
quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
32. Subcutaneous Injection: Placed in the more vascular space between skin
and underlying muscle; large area subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent
of skin; entering the injection site then 0 resistance; precautions - hand puncture,
inject out other side
, LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
33. Intravenous Injection (IV): IV access sites in common lab animals; site
preparation (disinfect); Use pressure to disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree
angle to skin; removing the needle - apply pressure
34. Blood collection techniques are used as...: aid to diagnose disease:
Collection site and amount determined by species and test type
35. Blood Collection Techniques - Dog: Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or
jugular vein
