Anat 1053 final exam
What is the role of telomeres in a chromosome?
Protect the ends of chromosomes
How many pairs of autosomes are there in human cells?
22
Which process results in four genetically different cells?
Meiosis
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is genetic information; phenotype is observable traits
When is a recessive trait expressed in an individual?
When two copies of the recessive allele are present
What term describes an individual with two different alleles for a gene?
Heterozygous
How is a Punnett square used in genetics?
To predict the phenotype of offspring
If both parents are carriers for a recessive trait, what are the chances of their child having
the trait?
25%
Which hormone targets the testes and stimulates sperm production in males?
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
What is the primary function of testosterone in males?
Stimulates growth spurt
What are the primary sex organs in males and females?
Testes and Ovaries
What process occurs to produce sperm cells?
Spermiogenesis
How many functional ova are produced in females during meiosis?
, One
During which phase of the uterine cycle is the endometrium shed off?
Menstrual phase
What hormones regulate the production of estrogens and progesterone in the ovaries?
FSH and LH
What is the function of centromeres in a chromosome?
Connect chromosome arms during cell division
Which process results in the formation of identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
If an individual has different alleles for a specific gene, what is their genetic status?
Heterozygous
In a Punnett square, what do the letters represent within the grid?
Genes from parents
What is the term used to describe an individual carrying a recessive trait but not
expressing it?
Carrier
What cells produce testosterone in males?
Leydig cells
Which hormone is responsible for causing the rupture of the ovarian follicle during
ovulation?
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
What triggers the proliferation of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
Which phase of the uterine cycle prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of
an embryo?
Secretory phase
What triggers the release of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)?
Negative feedback from FSH and LH
What is the role of telomeres in a chromosome?
Protect the ends of chromosomes
How many pairs of autosomes are there in human cells?
22
Which process results in four genetically different cells?
Meiosis
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is genetic information; phenotype is observable traits
When is a recessive trait expressed in an individual?
When two copies of the recessive allele are present
What term describes an individual with two different alleles for a gene?
Heterozygous
How is a Punnett square used in genetics?
To predict the phenotype of offspring
If both parents are carriers for a recessive trait, what are the chances of their child having
the trait?
25%
Which hormone targets the testes and stimulates sperm production in males?
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
What is the primary function of testosterone in males?
Stimulates growth spurt
What are the primary sex organs in males and females?
Testes and Ovaries
What process occurs to produce sperm cells?
Spermiogenesis
How many functional ova are produced in females during meiosis?
, One
During which phase of the uterine cycle is the endometrium shed off?
Menstrual phase
What hormones regulate the production of estrogens and progesterone in the ovaries?
FSH and LH
What is the function of centromeres in a chromosome?
Connect chromosome arms during cell division
Which process results in the formation of identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
If an individual has different alleles for a specific gene, what is their genetic status?
Heterozygous
In a Punnett square, what do the letters represent within the grid?
Genes from parents
What is the term used to describe an individual carrying a recessive trait but not
expressing it?
Carrier
What cells produce testosterone in males?
Leydig cells
Which hormone is responsible for causing the rupture of the ovarian follicle during
ovulation?
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
What triggers the proliferation of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
Which phase of the uterine cycle prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of
an embryo?
Secretory phase
What triggers the release of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)?
Negative feedback from FSH and LH
