saunders NCLEX Style Pediatrics Renal and
Gastrointestina2025/2026 With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+||Brand New Version!!
The clinic nurse reviews the record of an infant and notes that the health care provider
has documented a diagnosis of suspected Hirschsprung's disease. The nurse reviews
the assessment findings documented in the record, knowing that which sign most likely
led the mother to seek health care for the infant?
1.
Diarrhea
2.
Projectile vomiting
3.
Regurgitation of feedings
4.
Foul-smelling ribbon-like stools -correct answer -->>4.
Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital anomaly also known as congenital aganglionosis
or aganglionic megacolon. It occurs as the result of an absence of ganglion cells in the
rectum and other areas of the affected intestine. Chronic constipation beginning in the
first month of life and resulting in pellet-like or ribbon-like stools that are foul-smelling is
a clinical manifestation of this disorder. Delayed passage or absence of meconium stool
in the neonatal period is also a sign. Bowel obstruction, especially in the neonatal
period; abdominal pain and distention; and failure to thrive are also clinical
manifestations. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not associated specifically with this disorder.
An infant has just returned to the nursing unit after surgical repair of a cleft lip on the
right side. The nurse should place the infant in which best position at this time?
1.
Prone position
2.
On the stomach
3.
Left lateral position
4.
Right lateral position -correct answer -->>3.
,A cleft lip is a congenital anomaly that occurs as a result of failure of soft tissue or bony
structure to fuse during embryonic development. After cleft lip repair, the nurse avoids
positioning an infant on the side of the repair or in the prone position because these
positions can cause rubbing of the surgical site on the mattress. The nurse positions the
infant on the side lateral to the repair or on the back upright and positions the infant to
prevent airway obstruction by secretions, blood, or the tongue. From the options
provided, placing the infant on the left side immediately after surgery is best to prevent
the risk of aspiration if the infant vomits.
The nurse reviews the record of a newborn infant and notes that a diagnosis of
esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is suspected. The nurse expects to
note which most likely sign of this condition documented in the record?
1.
Incessant crying
2.
Coughing at nighttime
3.
Choking with feedings
4.
Severe projectile vomiting -correct answer -->>3.
In esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, the esophagus terminates before
it reaches the stomach, ending in a blind pouch, and a fistula is present that forms an
unnatural connection with the trachea. Any child who exhibits the "3 Cs"—coughing and
choking with feedings and unexplained cyanosis—should be suspected to have
tracheoesophageal fistula. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not specifically associated with
tracheoesophageal fistula.
The nurse provides feeding instructions to a parent of an infant diagnosed with
gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which instruction should the nurse give to the parent
to assist in reducing the episodes of emesis?
1.
Provide less frequent, larger feedings.
2.
Burp the infant less frequently during feedings.
3.
Thin the feedings by adding water to the formula.
4.
Thicken the feedings by adding rice cereal to the formula. -correct answer -->>4.
,Gastroesophageal reflux is backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result
of relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter. Small, more
frequent feedings with frequent burping often are prescribed in the treatment of
gastroesophageal reflux. Feedings thickened with rice cereal may reduce episodes of
emesis. If thickened formula is used, cross-cutting of the nipple may be required.
A child is hospitalized because of persistent vomiting. The nurse should monitor the
child closely for which problem?
1.
Diarrhea
2.
Metabolic acidosis
3.
Metabolic alkalosis
4.
Hyperactive bowel sounds -correct answer -->>3.
Vomiting causes the loss of hydrochloric acid and subsequent metabolic alkalosis.
Metabolic acidosis would occur in a child experiencing diarrhea because of the loss of
bicarbonate. Diarrhea might or might not accompany vomiting. Hyperactive bowel
sounds are not associated with vomiting.
The nurse is caring for a newborn with a suspected diagnosis of imperforate anus. The
nurse monitors the infant, knowing that which is a clinical manifestation associated with
this disorder?
1.
Bile-stained fecal emesis
2.
The passage of currant jelly-like stools
3.
Failure to pass meconium stool in the first 24 hours after birth
4.
Sausage-shaped mass palpated in the upper right abdominal quadrant -correct
answer -->>3.
Imperforate anus is the incomplete development or absence of the anus in its normal
position in the perineum. During the newborn assessment, this defect should be
identified easily on sight. However, a rectal thermometer or tube may be necessary to
determine patency if meconium is not passed in the first 24 hours after birth. Other
assessment findings include absence or stenosis of the anal rectal canal, presence of
, an anal membrane, and an external fistula to the perineum. Options 1, 2, and 4 are
findings noted in intussusception.
The nurse admits a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis. On
assessment, which data would the nurse expect to obtain when asking the parent about
the child's symptoms?
1.
Watery diarrhea
2.
Projectile vomiting
3.
Increased urine output
4.
Vomiting large amounts of bile -correct answer -->>2.
In pyloric stenosis, hypertrophy of the circular muscles of the pylorus causes narrowing
of the pyloric canal between the stomach and the duodenum. Clinical manifestations of
pyloric stenosis include projectile vomiting, irritability, hunger and crying, constipation,
and signs of dehydration, including a decrease in urine output.
The nurse provides home care instructions to the parents of a child with celiac disease.
The nurse should teach the parents to include which food item in the child's diet?
1.
Rice
2.
Oatmeal
3.
Rye toast
4.
Wheat bread -correct answer -->>1.
Celiac disease also is known as gluten enteropathy or celiac sprue and refers to
intolerance to gluten, the protein component of wheat, barley, rye, and oats. The
important factor to remember is that all wheat, rye, barley, and oats should be
eliminated from the diet and replaced with corn, rice, or millet. Vitamin supplements—
especially the fat-soluble vitamins, iron, and folic acid—may be needed to correct
deficiencies. Dietary restrictions are likely to be lifelong.
Gastrointestina2025/2026 With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+||Brand New Version!!
The clinic nurse reviews the record of an infant and notes that the health care provider
has documented a diagnosis of suspected Hirschsprung's disease. The nurse reviews
the assessment findings documented in the record, knowing that which sign most likely
led the mother to seek health care for the infant?
1.
Diarrhea
2.
Projectile vomiting
3.
Regurgitation of feedings
4.
Foul-smelling ribbon-like stools -correct answer -->>4.
Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital anomaly also known as congenital aganglionosis
or aganglionic megacolon. It occurs as the result of an absence of ganglion cells in the
rectum and other areas of the affected intestine. Chronic constipation beginning in the
first month of life and resulting in pellet-like or ribbon-like stools that are foul-smelling is
a clinical manifestation of this disorder. Delayed passage or absence of meconium stool
in the neonatal period is also a sign. Bowel obstruction, especially in the neonatal
period; abdominal pain and distention; and failure to thrive are also clinical
manifestations. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not associated specifically with this disorder.
An infant has just returned to the nursing unit after surgical repair of a cleft lip on the
right side. The nurse should place the infant in which best position at this time?
1.
Prone position
2.
On the stomach
3.
Left lateral position
4.
Right lateral position -correct answer -->>3.
,A cleft lip is a congenital anomaly that occurs as a result of failure of soft tissue or bony
structure to fuse during embryonic development. After cleft lip repair, the nurse avoids
positioning an infant on the side of the repair or in the prone position because these
positions can cause rubbing of the surgical site on the mattress. The nurse positions the
infant on the side lateral to the repair or on the back upright and positions the infant to
prevent airway obstruction by secretions, blood, or the tongue. From the options
provided, placing the infant on the left side immediately after surgery is best to prevent
the risk of aspiration if the infant vomits.
The nurse reviews the record of a newborn infant and notes that a diagnosis of
esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is suspected. The nurse expects to
note which most likely sign of this condition documented in the record?
1.
Incessant crying
2.
Coughing at nighttime
3.
Choking with feedings
4.
Severe projectile vomiting -correct answer -->>3.
In esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, the esophagus terminates before
it reaches the stomach, ending in a blind pouch, and a fistula is present that forms an
unnatural connection with the trachea. Any child who exhibits the "3 Cs"—coughing and
choking with feedings and unexplained cyanosis—should be suspected to have
tracheoesophageal fistula. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not specifically associated with
tracheoesophageal fistula.
The nurse provides feeding instructions to a parent of an infant diagnosed with
gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which instruction should the nurse give to the parent
to assist in reducing the episodes of emesis?
1.
Provide less frequent, larger feedings.
2.
Burp the infant less frequently during feedings.
3.
Thin the feedings by adding water to the formula.
4.
Thicken the feedings by adding rice cereal to the formula. -correct answer -->>4.
,Gastroesophageal reflux is backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result
of relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter. Small, more
frequent feedings with frequent burping often are prescribed in the treatment of
gastroesophageal reflux. Feedings thickened with rice cereal may reduce episodes of
emesis. If thickened formula is used, cross-cutting of the nipple may be required.
A child is hospitalized because of persistent vomiting. The nurse should monitor the
child closely for which problem?
1.
Diarrhea
2.
Metabolic acidosis
3.
Metabolic alkalosis
4.
Hyperactive bowel sounds -correct answer -->>3.
Vomiting causes the loss of hydrochloric acid and subsequent metabolic alkalosis.
Metabolic acidosis would occur in a child experiencing diarrhea because of the loss of
bicarbonate. Diarrhea might or might not accompany vomiting. Hyperactive bowel
sounds are not associated with vomiting.
The nurse is caring for a newborn with a suspected diagnosis of imperforate anus. The
nurse monitors the infant, knowing that which is a clinical manifestation associated with
this disorder?
1.
Bile-stained fecal emesis
2.
The passage of currant jelly-like stools
3.
Failure to pass meconium stool in the first 24 hours after birth
4.
Sausage-shaped mass palpated in the upper right abdominal quadrant -correct
answer -->>3.
Imperforate anus is the incomplete development or absence of the anus in its normal
position in the perineum. During the newborn assessment, this defect should be
identified easily on sight. However, a rectal thermometer or tube may be necessary to
determine patency if meconium is not passed in the first 24 hours after birth. Other
assessment findings include absence or stenosis of the anal rectal canal, presence of
, an anal membrane, and an external fistula to the perineum. Options 1, 2, and 4 are
findings noted in intussusception.
The nurse admits a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis. On
assessment, which data would the nurse expect to obtain when asking the parent about
the child's symptoms?
1.
Watery diarrhea
2.
Projectile vomiting
3.
Increased urine output
4.
Vomiting large amounts of bile -correct answer -->>2.
In pyloric stenosis, hypertrophy of the circular muscles of the pylorus causes narrowing
of the pyloric canal between the stomach and the duodenum. Clinical manifestations of
pyloric stenosis include projectile vomiting, irritability, hunger and crying, constipation,
and signs of dehydration, including a decrease in urine output.
The nurse provides home care instructions to the parents of a child with celiac disease.
The nurse should teach the parents to include which food item in the child's diet?
1.
Rice
2.
Oatmeal
3.
Rye toast
4.
Wheat bread -correct answer -->>1.
Celiac disease also is known as gluten enteropathy or celiac sprue and refers to
intolerance to gluten, the protein component of wheat, barley, rye, and oats. The
important factor to remember is that all wheat, rye, barley, and oats should be
eliminated from the diet and replaced with corn, rice, or millet. Vitamin supplements—
especially the fat-soluble vitamins, iron, and folic acid—may be needed to correct
deficiencies. Dietary restrictions are likely to be lifelong.
