COMPREHENSIVE DENTAL
JURISPRUDENCE 2025 UPDATED
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL
ANSWERS VERIFIED BY EXPERTS
ALREADY GRADED
Damages - correct answer>>>pecuniary compensation, recompense or satisfaction for an injury
sustained, or as otherwise expressed, the pecuniary consequences which the law imposes for the
breach of some duty or the violation of some right.
Damage - correct answer>>>loss, hurt or harm which results from injury.
Actual & compensatory damages - correct answer>>>damages awarded to a person as
compensation or indemnity for pecuniary loss suffered by him as he has duly proved
Moral damages - correct answer>>>include physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious
anxiety, besmirched reputation, wounded feelings, moral shock, social humiliation, and similar
injury.
Purpose of awarding moral damages - correct answer>>>not intended to enrich the complainant
in order to punish
The defendant but for the reparation of the spiritual status quo ante.
Nominal damages - correct answer>>>small sums fixed by the court without regard to the extent
of the harm done to the injured party. Nominal damages cannot co-exist with actual or
compensatory damages.
Temperate or moderate damages - correct answer>>>more than nominal but less than
compensatory, and may be recovered when the court finds that some pecuniary loss has been
suffered but its amount cannot be proved with certainty.
Liquidated damages - correct answer>>>damages agreed upon by the parties to a contract, to be
paid in case of breach thereof.
Exemplary or corrective damages - correct answer>>>damages imposed by way of example or
correction for the public good, in addition to the moral, temperate, liquidated or compensatory
damages.
Damages in case of death - correct answer>>>amount of damages for death caused by a crime or
quasi-delict shall be at least php 50,000.00, even though there may have been mitigating
circumstances and without need of further proof.
1
,Prima facie evidence - correct answer>>>evidence so strong that the party is guilty - no further
investigation is necessary. Standing alone, unexplained or contradicted, is sufficient to
Maintain the proposition.
Conclusive evidence - correct answer>>>any compelling evidence that is so strong that it cannot
be disputed or discounted. Proof establishing guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Corroborative evidence - correct answer>>>evidence that supplements and strengthens already
existing evidence. Additional evidence of a different kind and character from that already given,
tending to prove the same point
Cumulative evidence - correct answer>>>testimony that is offered to prove what has already
been proven by other evidence. Additional evidence of the same kind and character proving the
same fact.
Admissible evidence - correct answer>>>evidence that can be legally and properly introduced in
a civil or criminal trial. One that is relevant (has value in reason to prove) and competent (not
excluded by law)
Material evidence - correct answer>>>that which is relevant to the specific case and forms a
substantive part of the case presented or that has a legitimate and effective influence on the
decision of the case. Directed to prove a fact or issue as determined by the rules of substantive
law and pleadings.
Credible evidence - correct answer>>>information about a topic that is consistent with other
facts and comes from expert sources that are impartial and fair. Admissible and believable
evidence, worthy of belief.
Best evidence rule - "original document rule" or "primary evidence rule" - correct answer>>>the
original of a document or writing is the best evidence of such document or writing and must be
produced unless the original is lost, destroyed, unavailable or unobtainable
Expert witness - correct answer>>>a person who is permitted to testify at a trial because of
special knowledge or proficiency in a particular field that is relevant to the case. Gives testimony
on matters of which he has plenty of experience about and what will be given is his opinion
evidence.
Hearsay evidence rule - correct answer>>>excludes witness testimony that proceeds not from the
personal knowledge of the witness but instead from the repetition of what was said or written
outside court by another person, and is offered for the purpose of establishing the truth of what
was written or said
Rights inherent in the practice of dentistry - correct answer>>>- right to refuse treatment
- right to limit the practice of dentistry
- right to withhold information *
- right to dental documents *
2
, - right to reputation - the most important
Right of the dentist.
Rights incidental to the practice of dentistry - correct answer>>>- right to be paid for dental
services rendered;article 1 section 5, code of ethics
- right of exemption from execution of instruments and library
- right to hold certain positions in public and private services
- right to perform certain services
- right to associate
Code of ethics for dentists, dental hygienists and dental technologists - correct answer>>>article
i - duty to the community
Article ii - duty to the profession
Article iii - practice management
Article iv- disciplinary action
Article i section 1. Duty to the community - correct answer>>>primary duty - to give his
professional service to the best of his capabilities in accordance with established standards of
care and by conducting himself in a manner befitting a professional of high esteem.
Article i section 2. Emergency service - correct answer>>>emergency service- a dentist when
consulted in an emergency by the patient of another, shall attend only to the conditions leading to
the emergency. Upon completion of the treatment, he shall return the patient to his dentist-of-
record and inform him of the conditions found and treated.
Article i section 3. Delegation of services - correct answer>>>1. Dentist shall always conduct
himself in a professional deportment, therefore, he shall not delegate procedures, services, or
operations in the mouth which require his personal competence as a professional.
2. He shall only delegate services to duly licensed dentist in his employ to perform dental
services duly expressed by law.
3. He shall always be responsible for the actions of his employ at the areas of his jurisdictions
during assigned clinic hours.
Article i section 4. Supervision of work - correct answer>>>the dentist shall supervise his
associates and his auxiliaries in the performance of their duties and shall at all times assure
delivery of quality standards of care.
Article i section 5. Professional fees - correct answer>>>1. The dentist shall ascertain fees for his
professional services taking into consideration the nature of the case, his expertise of the case,
efforts, skills, and materials involved.
2. The dentist must discuss treatment plan, options, and corresponding fees for the proposed
treatment options.
3
JURISPRUDENCE 2025 UPDATED
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL
ANSWERS VERIFIED BY EXPERTS
ALREADY GRADED
Damages - correct answer>>>pecuniary compensation, recompense or satisfaction for an injury
sustained, or as otherwise expressed, the pecuniary consequences which the law imposes for the
breach of some duty or the violation of some right.
Damage - correct answer>>>loss, hurt or harm which results from injury.
Actual & compensatory damages - correct answer>>>damages awarded to a person as
compensation or indemnity for pecuniary loss suffered by him as he has duly proved
Moral damages - correct answer>>>include physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious
anxiety, besmirched reputation, wounded feelings, moral shock, social humiliation, and similar
injury.
Purpose of awarding moral damages - correct answer>>>not intended to enrich the complainant
in order to punish
The defendant but for the reparation of the spiritual status quo ante.
Nominal damages - correct answer>>>small sums fixed by the court without regard to the extent
of the harm done to the injured party. Nominal damages cannot co-exist with actual or
compensatory damages.
Temperate or moderate damages - correct answer>>>more than nominal but less than
compensatory, and may be recovered when the court finds that some pecuniary loss has been
suffered but its amount cannot be proved with certainty.
Liquidated damages - correct answer>>>damages agreed upon by the parties to a contract, to be
paid in case of breach thereof.
Exemplary or corrective damages - correct answer>>>damages imposed by way of example or
correction for the public good, in addition to the moral, temperate, liquidated or compensatory
damages.
Damages in case of death - correct answer>>>amount of damages for death caused by a crime or
quasi-delict shall be at least php 50,000.00, even though there may have been mitigating
circumstances and without need of further proof.
1
,Prima facie evidence - correct answer>>>evidence so strong that the party is guilty - no further
investigation is necessary. Standing alone, unexplained or contradicted, is sufficient to
Maintain the proposition.
Conclusive evidence - correct answer>>>any compelling evidence that is so strong that it cannot
be disputed or discounted. Proof establishing guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Corroborative evidence - correct answer>>>evidence that supplements and strengthens already
existing evidence. Additional evidence of a different kind and character from that already given,
tending to prove the same point
Cumulative evidence - correct answer>>>testimony that is offered to prove what has already
been proven by other evidence. Additional evidence of the same kind and character proving the
same fact.
Admissible evidence - correct answer>>>evidence that can be legally and properly introduced in
a civil or criminal trial. One that is relevant (has value in reason to prove) and competent (not
excluded by law)
Material evidence - correct answer>>>that which is relevant to the specific case and forms a
substantive part of the case presented or that has a legitimate and effective influence on the
decision of the case. Directed to prove a fact or issue as determined by the rules of substantive
law and pleadings.
Credible evidence - correct answer>>>information about a topic that is consistent with other
facts and comes from expert sources that are impartial and fair. Admissible and believable
evidence, worthy of belief.
Best evidence rule - "original document rule" or "primary evidence rule" - correct answer>>>the
original of a document or writing is the best evidence of such document or writing and must be
produced unless the original is lost, destroyed, unavailable or unobtainable
Expert witness - correct answer>>>a person who is permitted to testify at a trial because of
special knowledge or proficiency in a particular field that is relevant to the case. Gives testimony
on matters of which he has plenty of experience about and what will be given is his opinion
evidence.
Hearsay evidence rule - correct answer>>>excludes witness testimony that proceeds not from the
personal knowledge of the witness but instead from the repetition of what was said or written
outside court by another person, and is offered for the purpose of establishing the truth of what
was written or said
Rights inherent in the practice of dentistry - correct answer>>>- right to refuse treatment
- right to limit the practice of dentistry
- right to withhold information *
- right to dental documents *
2
, - right to reputation - the most important
Right of the dentist.
Rights incidental to the practice of dentistry - correct answer>>>- right to be paid for dental
services rendered;article 1 section 5, code of ethics
- right of exemption from execution of instruments and library
- right to hold certain positions in public and private services
- right to perform certain services
- right to associate
Code of ethics for dentists, dental hygienists and dental technologists - correct answer>>>article
i - duty to the community
Article ii - duty to the profession
Article iii - practice management
Article iv- disciplinary action
Article i section 1. Duty to the community - correct answer>>>primary duty - to give his
professional service to the best of his capabilities in accordance with established standards of
care and by conducting himself in a manner befitting a professional of high esteem.
Article i section 2. Emergency service - correct answer>>>emergency service- a dentist when
consulted in an emergency by the patient of another, shall attend only to the conditions leading to
the emergency. Upon completion of the treatment, he shall return the patient to his dentist-of-
record and inform him of the conditions found and treated.
Article i section 3. Delegation of services - correct answer>>>1. Dentist shall always conduct
himself in a professional deportment, therefore, he shall not delegate procedures, services, or
operations in the mouth which require his personal competence as a professional.
2. He shall only delegate services to duly licensed dentist in his employ to perform dental
services duly expressed by law.
3. He shall always be responsible for the actions of his employ at the areas of his jurisdictions
during assigned clinic hours.
Article i section 4. Supervision of work - correct answer>>>the dentist shall supervise his
associates and his auxiliaries in the performance of their duties and shall at all times assure
delivery of quality standards of care.
Article i section 5. Professional fees - correct answer>>>1. The dentist shall ascertain fees for his
professional services taking into consideration the nature of the case, his expertise of the case,
efforts, skills, and materials involved.
2. The dentist must discuss treatment plan, options, and corresponding fees for the proposed
treatment options.
3
