BIO 1090 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
Do microtubule associated proteins do Correct Answers
Modulate assembly
Mediate interactions with other cellular structures
Stabilize MTS or stimulate assembly
Do non-motor MAPs do Correct Answers Control microtubule
organization in cytosol (e.g. Tau protein in neurons)
How are additional cell wall components made as the cell grows
Correct Answers - Cellulose polymer assembled outside the
cell on extracellular surface of plasma membrane
- glucose monomers that form the polymer and the enzymes that
attach them are delivered to the cell by microtubules
How are cell parts organized Correct Answers Parts organized
with respect to time and space
How are intermediate filaments arranged Correct Answers
Fibrous alpha helical proteins, not polar
How are membranes of organelles connected Correct Answers
Through membrane bridges or vesicles
How are plasmids transferred between bacteria Correct
Answers Pili that extend from 1 cell to another
How are substances moved against the concentration gradient
Correct Answers Active transport
,How are type 1 single-pass transmembrane proteins integrated
into the membrane Correct Answers Proteins with signal-
NADH or sequences threaded through channel in ER membrane
until signal-anchor sequence is encountered and ER channel
releases protein into the membrane, synthesis continues outside
the membrane
How can bacteria battle attacks from bacteriophages Correct
Answers CRISPR-Cas system
How can lipid composition be changed to respond to
temperature Correct Answers Desaturation of lipids, exchange
of lipid chains
How can RNA vaccines be made more effective in a smaller
doses or a single dose Correct Answers Incorporating
instructions for assembling a replicate which can make lots of
copies of the RNA template for producing antigens
How can the complex formed by 2 FH2 domains nucleate actin
assembly Correct Answers Bind 2 actin subunits, holding them
so the + end is toward the FH2 domains
The + end can grow while the FH2 dimer remains attached to it
How can the composition of the ECM influence cell shape
(using an example) Correct Answers Nerve cells grown in
culture on plastic surface do not take neuron-like shape, nerve
cells grown on same surface coated with laminin do
,How can the structure of the ECM influence the shape of cells
Correct Answers 2D (flatten out and maximize adhesion to
matrix) vs 3D (look and behave spindle-shaped)
(Example of fibroblasts)
How do actin-binding proteins allow for directed cell movement
Correct Answers Actin-binding proteins control microfilament
formation in a lamellipodium to allow directed cell movement
How do animal cells solve the problem of water movement
Correct Answers Maintaining an isotonic intracellular fluid
(same solution concentration) as extracellular fluid
How do cancer cells spread throughout the body Correct
Answers Metastatic tumour cells have enhanced ability to
adhere to ECM proteins, esp those in the basal lamina
(significant bc the cells must enter and leave the bloodstream,
passing through the basal lamina at least twice)
How do carrier proteins work Correct Answers A molecule
binds and indices conformational change, allowing the molecule
to be transported across the lipid bilayer
How do cells become specialized Correct Answers
differentiation
How do cells maintain their size Correct Answers Active
transport
, How do Cytochalasin D and latrunculin affect actin
polymerization Correct Answers Promote depolymerization of
filaments
How do lipid molecules arrange Correct Answers
Spontaneously aggregate to expose hydrophilic heads to water
How do membrane proteins play a major role in signal
transduction Correct Answers Convert extracellular signal into
intracellular signal(s)
How do molecules move passively through the lipid bilayer
when they cannot directly pass through Correct Answers
Facilitated diffusion through a protein transporter
How do non-active BmpRs affect chicken embryos Correct
Answers Webbed feet
How do plant vacuoles give mechanical support Correct
Answers Turgor pressure - gives rigidity and supports soft
tissue, stretches cell wall during growth
How do plants, fungi, and bacteria maintain cell size and shape
Correct Answers Cell wall
How do RNA vaccines work Correct Answers Trick the
body's cells into producing a fragment of the virus, an antigen,
from an RNA template
Do microtubule associated proteins do Correct Answers
Modulate assembly
Mediate interactions with other cellular structures
Stabilize MTS or stimulate assembly
Do non-motor MAPs do Correct Answers Control microtubule
organization in cytosol (e.g. Tau protein in neurons)
How are additional cell wall components made as the cell grows
Correct Answers - Cellulose polymer assembled outside the
cell on extracellular surface of plasma membrane
- glucose monomers that form the polymer and the enzymes that
attach them are delivered to the cell by microtubules
How are cell parts organized Correct Answers Parts organized
with respect to time and space
How are intermediate filaments arranged Correct Answers
Fibrous alpha helical proteins, not polar
How are membranes of organelles connected Correct Answers
Through membrane bridges or vesicles
How are plasmids transferred between bacteria Correct
Answers Pili that extend from 1 cell to another
How are substances moved against the concentration gradient
Correct Answers Active transport
,How are type 1 single-pass transmembrane proteins integrated
into the membrane Correct Answers Proteins with signal-
NADH or sequences threaded through channel in ER membrane
until signal-anchor sequence is encountered and ER channel
releases protein into the membrane, synthesis continues outside
the membrane
How can bacteria battle attacks from bacteriophages Correct
Answers CRISPR-Cas system
How can lipid composition be changed to respond to
temperature Correct Answers Desaturation of lipids, exchange
of lipid chains
How can RNA vaccines be made more effective in a smaller
doses or a single dose Correct Answers Incorporating
instructions for assembling a replicate which can make lots of
copies of the RNA template for producing antigens
How can the complex formed by 2 FH2 domains nucleate actin
assembly Correct Answers Bind 2 actin subunits, holding them
so the + end is toward the FH2 domains
The + end can grow while the FH2 dimer remains attached to it
How can the composition of the ECM influence cell shape
(using an example) Correct Answers Nerve cells grown in
culture on plastic surface do not take neuron-like shape, nerve
cells grown on same surface coated with laminin do
,How can the structure of the ECM influence the shape of cells
Correct Answers 2D (flatten out and maximize adhesion to
matrix) vs 3D (look and behave spindle-shaped)
(Example of fibroblasts)
How do actin-binding proteins allow for directed cell movement
Correct Answers Actin-binding proteins control microfilament
formation in a lamellipodium to allow directed cell movement
How do animal cells solve the problem of water movement
Correct Answers Maintaining an isotonic intracellular fluid
(same solution concentration) as extracellular fluid
How do cancer cells spread throughout the body Correct
Answers Metastatic tumour cells have enhanced ability to
adhere to ECM proteins, esp those in the basal lamina
(significant bc the cells must enter and leave the bloodstream,
passing through the basal lamina at least twice)
How do carrier proteins work Correct Answers A molecule
binds and indices conformational change, allowing the molecule
to be transported across the lipid bilayer
How do cells become specialized Correct Answers
differentiation
How do cells maintain their size Correct Answers Active
transport
, How do Cytochalasin D and latrunculin affect actin
polymerization Correct Answers Promote depolymerization of
filaments
How do lipid molecules arrange Correct Answers
Spontaneously aggregate to expose hydrophilic heads to water
How do membrane proteins play a major role in signal
transduction Correct Answers Convert extracellular signal into
intracellular signal(s)
How do molecules move passively through the lipid bilayer
when they cannot directly pass through Correct Answers
Facilitated diffusion through a protein transporter
How do non-active BmpRs affect chicken embryos Correct
Answers Webbed feet
How do plant vacuoles give mechanical support Correct
Answers Turgor pressure - gives rigidity and supports soft
tissue, stretches cell wall during growth
How do plants, fungi, and bacteria maintain cell size and shape
Correct Answers Cell wall
How do RNA vaccines work Correct Answers Trick the
body's cells into producing a fragment of the virus, an antigen,
from an RNA template
