Test bank - chemistry: an introduction to general, organic, and
biological chemistry 13th edition by karen timberlake, all chapters |
complete guide a+
Scientific Method
Systematic approach for scientific inquiry.
Significant Figures
Digits that carry meaning contributing to precision.
Units of Measurement
Standard quantities used to express physical quantities.
Density
Mass per unit volume, typically g/cm³.
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Molar Mass
Mass of one mole of a substance, g/mol.
Chemical Reactions
Processes that lead to the transformation of substances.
Ionic Compounds
Compounds formed from ionic bonds between ions.
Molecular Compounds
Compounds formed by covalent bonds sharing electrons.
Lewis Structures
Diagrams showing bonding between atoms in a molecule.
Avogadro's Law
Equal volumes of gases contain equal moles at same conditions.
Boyle's Law
Pressure inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.
Charles's Law
Volume directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.
pH Scale
Logarithmic scale measuring acidity or basicity of a solution.
,Acids and Bases
Substances that donate or accept protons in reactions.
Buffers
Solutions that resist changes in pH upon addition of acids or bases.
Alcohols
Organic compounds with hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
Aldehydes
Organic compounds with a carbonyl group at the end.
Ketones
Organic compounds with a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.
Carbohydrates
Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecules, including fats and oils.
Proteins
Polymers of amino acids essential for biological functions.
Nucleic Acids
Biopolymers essential for all known forms of life.
Metabolic Pathways
Series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
ATP Production
Process of generating adenosine triphosphate for energy.
Blood Types
Classification based on antigens in blood cells.
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates formed by long chains of monosaccharides.
Type 2 Diabetes
Chronic condition affecting glucose metabolism.
Ethers
Compounds with an oxygen atom between two alkyl groups.
Ketones
, Organic compounds with a carbonyl group within the chain.
Oxidation of Alcohol
Conversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Carboxylic Acids
Organic acids with a carboxyl (-COOH) group.
Esters
Derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Amines
Organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH3).
Amides
Compounds formed from carboxylic acids and amines.
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids not synthesized by the body.
Proteins
Polymers of amino acids with complex structures.
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that speed up reactions.
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecules including fats and oils.
Fatty Acids
Building blocks of lipids, consisting of long hydrocarbon chains.
Phospholipids
Major component of cell membranes, containing hydrophilic heads.
Steroids
Lipids with a characteristic four-ring structure.
DNA
Molecule carrying genetic instructions for organisms.
RNA
Molecule involved in protein synthesis from DNA.
Glycolysis
Metabolic pathway converting glucose to pyruvate.
biological chemistry 13th edition by karen timberlake, all chapters |
complete guide a+
Scientific Method
Systematic approach for scientific inquiry.
Significant Figures
Digits that carry meaning contributing to precision.
Units of Measurement
Standard quantities used to express physical quantities.
Density
Mass per unit volume, typically g/cm³.
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Molar Mass
Mass of one mole of a substance, g/mol.
Chemical Reactions
Processes that lead to the transformation of substances.
Ionic Compounds
Compounds formed from ionic bonds between ions.
Molecular Compounds
Compounds formed by covalent bonds sharing electrons.
Lewis Structures
Diagrams showing bonding between atoms in a molecule.
Avogadro's Law
Equal volumes of gases contain equal moles at same conditions.
Boyle's Law
Pressure inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.
Charles's Law
Volume directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.
pH Scale
Logarithmic scale measuring acidity or basicity of a solution.
,Acids and Bases
Substances that donate or accept protons in reactions.
Buffers
Solutions that resist changes in pH upon addition of acids or bases.
Alcohols
Organic compounds with hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
Aldehydes
Organic compounds with a carbonyl group at the end.
Ketones
Organic compounds with a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.
Carbohydrates
Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecules, including fats and oils.
Proteins
Polymers of amino acids essential for biological functions.
Nucleic Acids
Biopolymers essential for all known forms of life.
Metabolic Pathways
Series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
ATP Production
Process of generating adenosine triphosphate for energy.
Blood Types
Classification based on antigens in blood cells.
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates formed by long chains of monosaccharides.
Type 2 Diabetes
Chronic condition affecting glucose metabolism.
Ethers
Compounds with an oxygen atom between two alkyl groups.
Ketones
, Organic compounds with a carbonyl group within the chain.
Oxidation of Alcohol
Conversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Carboxylic Acids
Organic acids with a carboxyl (-COOH) group.
Esters
Derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Amines
Organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH3).
Amides
Compounds formed from carboxylic acids and amines.
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids not synthesized by the body.
Proteins
Polymers of amino acids with complex structures.
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that speed up reactions.
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecules including fats and oils.
Fatty Acids
Building blocks of lipids, consisting of long hydrocarbon chains.
Phospholipids
Major component of cell membranes, containing hydrophilic heads.
Steroids
Lipids with a characteristic four-ring structure.
DNA
Molecule carrying genetic instructions for organisms.
RNA
Molecule involved in protein synthesis from DNA.
Glycolysis
Metabolic pathway converting glucose to pyruvate.
