,TESTBANK for Understanding Basic Statistics , 9th
Edition Charles Henry Brase
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Brase_UnderstandingBasicStats_9e_TB_Sect1.2
1. Use a random-number table to get a list of 10 random numbers between 1 and 90 beginning at
row 3, block 1.
65321 85623 10204 50218 20321 22315
98532 91972 39800 45670 20510 11451
92012 59826 35456 79289 91483 29754
45652 98653 45863 36963 15326 78952
45678 10100 91251 37041 13712 14672
a. 1 25 26 35 45 79 89 48 32 54
b. 1 25 26 35 67 89 48 23 54
c. 1 25 26 35 45 67 89 48 32 54
d. 20 12 59 82 63 54 56 79 28 14
e. 20 12 59 82 63 54 65 79 28 14
ANSWER: c
2. Use a random-number table to simulate the outcomes of tossing a quarter 12 times beginning
at row 1, block 4. Assume that the quarter is balanced (i.e., fair) and an even digit is assigned to
the outcome heads (H) and an odd digit to the outcome tails (T).
65321 85623 10204 50218 20321 22315
98532 91972 39800 45670 20510 10451
92012 59826 35456 79289 91483 29754
45652 98653 45863 36963 15326 78952
45678 10100 91251 37041 13712 14672
a. T H H T H H H T H H H H
b. T H H T H H H T H T H T
c. T H H T H H H T H T T H
d. T H H T H H H H H T H H
e. T H H T H H H T H T H H
ANSWER: e
3. Identify the sampling technique used in the following information.
An important part of employee compensation is a benefits package that might include health
insurance, life insurance, child care, vacation days, retirement plan, parental leave, bonuses, etc.
Suppose you want to conduct a survey of benefits packages available in private businesses in
Hawaii. You want a sample size of 100. Sampling technique used to get the sample size of 100 is
described below.
Group the businesses according to type: medical, shipping, retail, manufacturing, financial,
construction, restaurant, hotel, tourism, other. Then select a random
sample of 10 businesses from each sample type.
a. Systematic sample
b. Convenience sample
c. Stratified sample
d. Cluster sample
e. Simple random sample
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ANSWER: c
4. You have a standard 52-card deck. It consists of four suits: clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades. You
prefer hearts, so you chose 13 heart cards first. From the selected 13 heart cards, you randomly select 3
cards. Do the 3 selected cards represent a random sample from the given population of the standard 52-
card deck? Explain why?
a. Yes, because the cards were randomly selected.
b. No, because a standard deck of 52 cards is used.
c. Yes, because every sample of specified size n from the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
d. No, because bias occurs in the cards selected for the sample.
ANSWER: d
5. Frederick wants to determine the average amount of sugar in chocolate bars of the same size in the
nearest candy store. He randomly selects 15 chocolate bars of the same size from the store and compares
the sugar content of each chocolate bar. Do the 15 chocolate bars form a random sample? Explain why?
a. Yes, because every sample of specified size n from the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
b. No, because chocolate bars of the same size are selected.
c. Yes, because bias occurs in the items selected for the sample.
d. No, because every sample of specified size n from the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
ANSWER: a
6. Identify the sampling technique used in the following study.
You want to test the relationship between happiness and age. To save time, you need to collect the data
quickly as possible. You want a sample size of 34. The sampling technique used to get the sample size of
34 is described below.
You ask your friends, colleagues, and relatives to fill out the questionnaire that you have prepared.
a. Systematic sample
b. Simple random sample
c. Cluster sample
d. Stratified sample
e. Multistage sample
f. Convenience sample
ANSWER: f
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1. Data may be classified by one of the four levels of measurement. What is the name of the
lowest level?
a. interval
b. nominal
c. ordinal
d. ratio
e. simple
ANSWER: b
2. Identify the variable in the information below.
The archaeological site of Tara is more than 4000
years old. Tradition states that Tara was the seat of the high kings of Ireland. Because of its
archaeological importance, Tara has received extensive study (Reference: Tara:
An Archaeological survey by Conor Newman, Royal Irish
Academy, Dublin). Suppose an archaeologist wants to estimate the
density of ferromagnetic artifacts in the Tara region. For
this purpose, a random sample of 55 plots, each of size 100 square meters, is used. The number
of ferromagnetic artifacts for each plot is determined.
a. number of plots
b. size of the plots
c. none of these choices
d. number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters
e. density of ferromagnetic artifacts
ANSWER: d
3. Identify whether the variable in the information below is qualitative or quantitative.
USA Today reported that 44.9% of those surveyed (1261 adults) ate in a fast-food
restaurant from one to three times each week.
a. qualitative
b. quantitative
c. neither qualitative nor quantitative
d. qualitative as well as quantitative
e. Information does not have any variable.
ANSWER: a
4. Identify the implied population in the information below.
The archaeological site of Tara is more than 4000 years old.
Tradition states that Tara was the seat of the high
kings of Ireland. Because of its archaeological importance, Tara has
received extensive study (Reference: Tara: An Archaeological survey by Conor
Newman, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin). Suppose an archaeologist wants to
estimate the density of ferromagnetic artifacts in the Tara region. For
this purpose, a random sample of 55 plots, each of
size 100 square meters, is used. The number of ferromagnetic
artifacts for each plot is determined. The variable in this
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Brase_UnderstandingBasicStats_9e_TB_Sect1.1
information is number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters.
a. number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100-square-meters
b. density of ferromagnetic artifacts in some of the plots
c. none of these choices
d. all plots in the Tara region
e. number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100-square-meters in some plots in the Tara region
ANSWER: d
5. Identify whether the variable in the information below is qualitative or quantitative.
The archaeological site of Tara is more than 4000 years old.
Tradition states that Tara was the seat of the high
kings of Ireland. Because of its archaeological importance, Tara has
received extensive study (Reference: Tara: An Archaeological survey by Conor
Newman, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin). Suppose an archaeologist wants to
estimate the density of ferromagnetic artifacts in the Tara region. For
this purpose, a random sample of 55 plots, each of
size 100 square meters, is used. The number of ferromagnetic
artifacts for each plot is determined. The variable in this
information is number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters.
a. quantitative
b. qualitative
c. neither qualitative nor quantitative
d. qualitative as well as quantitative
e. none of these choices
ANSWER: a
6. Identify the implied population in the information below.
A study was conducted to determine whether the average number of hours of sleep affects students’ math
grades. A random sample of 190 students was invited to participate in the study. During a three-month
period, the grades for each exam and quiz were collected. In addition, students were instructed to fill out
the information about their daily sleep schedule. The data on sleep was grouped by the number of hours
of sleep per day.
a. number of hours of sleep per day
b. average grade
c. grades for each exam and quiz
d. math grades for all students
e. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: d
7. Alex is interested in the proportion of people, who prefer bowling to other activities, such as skiing and
skating. To determine the proportion, a sample of 44 college students was interviewed, which showed that
49% of them preferred bowling to other activities. Is the proportion of respondents who preferred bowling
a statistic or a parameter?
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a. a parameter
b. a statistic
c. both a parameter and a statistic are correct
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: b
8. The university conducted a survey of all students to determine their favorite type of music. About 18%
of the students preferred classical music and 23% of the students were interested in rock music. Is the
proportion of all students in the population who prefer classical music a statistic or a parameter?
a. a statistic
b. both a parameter and a statistic are correct
c. a parameter
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: c
9. You want to determine which of the 8 faculties at your university has the highest grade point average
(GPA). You collect data on the GPA of each faculty and put your records of the GPA of each faculty in a
bar chart. Then, you perform a test to determine if the students of the Faculty of Political Science have the
highest GPA. Determine whether you are using descriptive or inferential statistics in your research.
a. descriptive statistics
b. inferential statistics
c. both descriptive and inferential statistics are correct
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: c
10. A researcher conducted a survey about people's favorite umbrella color. A random sample
of 600 respondents was interviewed. The respondents were asked about their favorite umbrella color, and
the results were recoded. The researcher summarized the data using a pie chart to find out what
percentage of respondents replied that black is their favorite umbrella color. Determine whether the
researcher is using descriptive or inferential statistics.
a. both descriptive and inferential statistics are correct
b. descriptive statistics
c. inferential statistics
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: b
11. Identify the level of measurement corresponding to the data "Cost of rod and reel" associated
with fishing.
a. interval
b. none of these choices
c. ratio
d. nominal
e. ordinal
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ANSWER: c
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1. Find the technique for gathering data in the study below.
The Colorado Division of Wildlife imposed special fishing regulations on the Deckers
section of the South Platte River. All trout under 15 inches had to be released.
A study of trout before and after the regulations went into effect showed that the average length
of trout increased by 4.2 inches after the new regulations.
a. observational study
b. experiment
c. census
d. sampling
e. none of these choices
ANSWER: b
2. Find the technique for gathering data in the study below.
An analysis of a sample of 31,000 patients from New York hospitals suggests that the
poor and the elderly sue for malpractice at one-fifth the rate of wealthier patients (Journal of
the Medical Association).
a. census
b. sampling
c. simulation
d. experiment
e. none of these choices
ANSWER: b
3. Stella conducts a study to analyze a demographic picture of her country. She aims to determine whether
the population of her country is decreasing or increasing by collecting and analyzing data on the size and
composition of the population, the number of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, the number of arrivals
and departures from the country, as well as the number of arrivals and departures within the country and
its regions. Determine the census in this study.
a. entire world population
b. sample population of Stella's country
c. entire adult population of Stella's country
d. entire population of Stella's country
ANSWER: d
4. Which technique of collecting information is the most appropriate for the following study?
A study of the phone models of each employee working at the finance department at your university at
the end of the year.
a. sampling method
b. experiment method
c. simulation method
d. census method
ANSWER: d
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5. How can you use the placebo effect in the given experiment?
An experiment studying the effect of caffeine on the human body.
a. Subjects are divided into two groups. One group receives coffee with caffeine. The other
group receives a decaf coffee (coffee without caffeine).
b. Subjects are in one group. First, they receive coffee with caffeine, later they get water.
c. Subjects are in one group. First, they receive coffee with caffeine, after 1 day they get black
tea.
d. Subjects are divided into two groups. Both groups receive decaf coffee (coffee
without caffeine).
ANSWER: a
6. How would you use a completely randomized experiment in the following study?
Jane works in the agricultural sector. She needs to find a new fertilizer to work with. She has a total of 50
plants to test. To determine if the fertilizer is effective, Jane uses an electrical conductivity meter to
measure the electrical conductivity of the fertilizer and soil solution (EC). The EC value shows the total
amount of fertilizer ions, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in milliSiemens per centimeter. The optimal
EC value for plant growth is from 0.8 mS/cm to 1.8 mS/cm and should not exceed 2.5 mS/cm. Jane uses
the new fertilizer for 25 plants. After five days of applying the new fertilizer, she uses an electrical
conductivity meter on the roots of all 50 plants to measure EC and monitor the level of nutrients in the
roots of plants, which gives her an understanding of the effectiveness of the new fertilizer.
a. Use the first 25 plants; test the selected plants.
b. Use random selection to pick 25 plants to fertilize; test all plants.
c. Use all plants and apply the fertilizer to the plants that need it the most; test the selected
plants.
d. Use random selection to pick 25 plants that need fertilizer more than the others; test the
selected plants.
ANSWER: b
7. Rachel wants to identify how often students from her college eat out depending on their major. She
uses a random sample of 36 students to conduct an online survey. The survey asks 10 multiple choice
questions with five answer options: never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always. What are the potential
pitfalls that might make her data unreliable?
a. Respondents may answer truthfully.
b. Respondents may lie intentionally or inadvertently.
c. Words such as “often,” “rarely,” and “sometimes” mean different things to different people.
d. Factors such as tone of voice, body language, dress, gender, authority, and ethnicity of the
interviewer might influence responses.
ANSWER: c
8. A hospital wants to improve the quality of its services. To collect the reviews from the patients they
send an online voluntary questionnaire with open and close-ended questions to their patients after
discharge from the hospital. What are the potential pitfalls that might make the hospital’s data unreliable?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
Edition Charles Henry Brase
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Brase_UnderstandingBasicStats_9e_TB_Sect1.2
1. Use a random-number table to get a list of 10 random numbers between 1 and 90 beginning at
row 3, block 1.
65321 85623 10204 50218 20321 22315
98532 91972 39800 45670 20510 11451
92012 59826 35456 79289 91483 29754
45652 98653 45863 36963 15326 78952
45678 10100 91251 37041 13712 14672
a. 1 25 26 35 45 79 89 48 32 54
b. 1 25 26 35 67 89 48 23 54
c. 1 25 26 35 45 67 89 48 32 54
d. 20 12 59 82 63 54 56 79 28 14
e. 20 12 59 82 63 54 65 79 28 14
ANSWER: c
2. Use a random-number table to simulate the outcomes of tossing a quarter 12 times beginning
at row 1, block 4. Assume that the quarter is balanced (i.e., fair) and an even digit is assigned to
the outcome heads (H) and an odd digit to the outcome tails (T).
65321 85623 10204 50218 20321 22315
98532 91972 39800 45670 20510 10451
92012 59826 35456 79289 91483 29754
45652 98653 45863 36963 15326 78952
45678 10100 91251 37041 13712 14672
a. T H H T H H H T H H H H
b. T H H T H H H T H T H T
c. T H H T H H H T H T T H
d. T H H T H H H H H T H H
e. T H H T H H H T H T H H
ANSWER: e
3. Identify the sampling technique used in the following information.
An important part of employee compensation is a benefits package that might include health
insurance, life insurance, child care, vacation days, retirement plan, parental leave, bonuses, etc.
Suppose you want to conduct a survey of benefits packages available in private businesses in
Hawaii. You want a sample size of 100. Sampling technique used to get the sample size of 100 is
described below.
Group the businesses according to type: medical, shipping, retail, manufacturing, financial,
construction, restaurant, hotel, tourism, other. Then select a random
sample of 10 businesses from each sample type.
a. Systematic sample
b. Convenience sample
c. Stratified sample
d. Cluster sample
e. Simple random sample
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ANSWER: c
4. You have a standard 52-card deck. It consists of four suits: clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades. You
prefer hearts, so you chose 13 heart cards first. From the selected 13 heart cards, you randomly select 3
cards. Do the 3 selected cards represent a random sample from the given population of the standard 52-
card deck? Explain why?
a. Yes, because the cards were randomly selected.
b. No, because a standard deck of 52 cards is used.
c. Yes, because every sample of specified size n from the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
d. No, because bias occurs in the cards selected for the sample.
ANSWER: d
5. Frederick wants to determine the average amount of sugar in chocolate bars of the same size in the
nearest candy store. He randomly selects 15 chocolate bars of the same size from the store and compares
the sugar content of each chocolate bar. Do the 15 chocolate bars form a random sample? Explain why?
a. Yes, because every sample of specified size n from the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
b. No, because chocolate bars of the same size are selected.
c. Yes, because bias occurs in the items selected for the sample.
d. No, because every sample of specified size n from the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
ANSWER: a
6. Identify the sampling technique used in the following study.
You want to test the relationship between happiness and age. To save time, you need to collect the data
quickly as possible. You want a sample size of 34. The sampling technique used to get the sample size of
34 is described below.
You ask your friends, colleagues, and relatives to fill out the questionnaire that you have prepared.
a. Systematic sample
b. Simple random sample
c. Cluster sample
d. Stratified sample
e. Multistage sample
f. Convenience sample
ANSWER: f
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,Name: Class: Date:
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1. Data may be classified by one of the four levels of measurement. What is the name of the
lowest level?
a. interval
b. nominal
c. ordinal
d. ratio
e. simple
ANSWER: b
2. Identify the variable in the information below.
The archaeological site of Tara is more than 4000
years old. Tradition states that Tara was the seat of the high kings of Ireland. Because of its
archaeological importance, Tara has received extensive study (Reference: Tara:
An Archaeological survey by Conor Newman, Royal Irish
Academy, Dublin). Suppose an archaeologist wants to estimate the
density of ferromagnetic artifacts in the Tara region. For
this purpose, a random sample of 55 plots, each of size 100 square meters, is used. The number
of ferromagnetic artifacts for each plot is determined.
a. number of plots
b. size of the plots
c. none of these choices
d. number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters
e. density of ferromagnetic artifacts
ANSWER: d
3. Identify whether the variable in the information below is qualitative or quantitative.
USA Today reported that 44.9% of those surveyed (1261 adults) ate in a fast-food
restaurant from one to three times each week.
a. qualitative
b. quantitative
c. neither qualitative nor quantitative
d. qualitative as well as quantitative
e. Information does not have any variable.
ANSWER: a
4. Identify the implied population in the information below.
The archaeological site of Tara is more than 4000 years old.
Tradition states that Tara was the seat of the high
kings of Ireland. Because of its archaeological importance, Tara has
received extensive study (Reference: Tara: An Archaeological survey by Conor
Newman, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin). Suppose an archaeologist wants to
estimate the density of ferromagnetic artifacts in the Tara region. For
this purpose, a random sample of 55 plots, each of
size 100 square meters, is used. The number of ferromagnetic
artifacts for each plot is determined. The variable in this
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Brase_UnderstandingBasicStats_9e_TB_Sect1.1
information is number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters.
a. number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100-square-meters
b. density of ferromagnetic artifacts in some of the plots
c. none of these choices
d. all plots in the Tara region
e. number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100-square-meters in some plots in the Tara region
ANSWER: d
5. Identify whether the variable in the information below is qualitative or quantitative.
The archaeological site of Tara is more than 4000 years old.
Tradition states that Tara was the seat of the high
kings of Ireland. Because of its archaeological importance, Tara has
received extensive study (Reference: Tara: An Archaeological survey by Conor
Newman, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin). Suppose an archaeologist wants to
estimate the density of ferromagnetic artifacts in the Tara region. For
this purpose, a random sample of 55 plots, each of
size 100 square meters, is used. The number of ferromagnetic
artifacts for each plot is determined. The variable in this
information is number of ferromagnetic artifacts per 100 square meters.
a. quantitative
b. qualitative
c. neither qualitative nor quantitative
d. qualitative as well as quantitative
e. none of these choices
ANSWER: a
6. Identify the implied population in the information below.
A study was conducted to determine whether the average number of hours of sleep affects students’ math
grades. A random sample of 190 students was invited to participate in the study. During a three-month
period, the grades for each exam and quiz were collected. In addition, students were instructed to fill out
the information about their daily sleep schedule. The data on sleep was grouped by the number of hours
of sleep per day.
a. number of hours of sleep per day
b. average grade
c. grades for each exam and quiz
d. math grades for all students
e. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: d
7. Alex is interested in the proportion of people, who prefer bowling to other activities, such as skiing and
skating. To determine the proportion, a sample of 44 college students was interviewed, which showed that
49% of them preferred bowling to other activities. Is the proportion of respondents who preferred bowling
a statistic or a parameter?
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a. a parameter
b. a statistic
c. both a parameter and a statistic are correct
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: b
8. The university conducted a survey of all students to determine their favorite type of music. About 18%
of the students preferred classical music and 23% of the students were interested in rock music. Is the
proportion of all students in the population who prefer classical music a statistic or a parameter?
a. a statistic
b. both a parameter and a statistic are correct
c. a parameter
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: c
9. You want to determine which of the 8 faculties at your university has the highest grade point average
(GPA). You collect data on the GPA of each faculty and put your records of the GPA of each faculty in a
bar chart. Then, you perform a test to determine if the students of the Faculty of Political Science have the
highest GPA. Determine whether you are using descriptive or inferential statistics in your research.
a. descriptive statistics
b. inferential statistics
c. both descriptive and inferential statistics are correct
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: c
10. A researcher conducted a survey about people's favorite umbrella color. A random sample
of 600 respondents was interviewed. The respondents were asked about their favorite umbrella color, and
the results were recoded. The researcher summarized the data using a pie chart to find out what
percentage of respondents replied that black is their favorite umbrella color. Determine whether the
researcher is using descriptive or inferential statistics.
a. both descriptive and inferential statistics are correct
b. descriptive statistics
c. inferential statistics
d. none of these choices are correct
ANSWER: b
11. Identify the level of measurement corresponding to the data "Cost of rod and reel" associated
with fishing.
a. interval
b. none of these choices
c. ratio
d. nominal
e. ordinal
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ANSWER: c
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Brase_UnderstandingBasicStats_9e_TB_Sect1.3
1. Find the technique for gathering data in the study below.
The Colorado Division of Wildlife imposed special fishing regulations on the Deckers
section of the South Platte River. All trout under 15 inches had to be released.
A study of trout before and after the regulations went into effect showed that the average length
of trout increased by 4.2 inches after the new regulations.
a. observational study
b. experiment
c. census
d. sampling
e. none of these choices
ANSWER: b
2. Find the technique for gathering data in the study below.
An analysis of a sample of 31,000 patients from New York hospitals suggests that the
poor and the elderly sue for malpractice at one-fifth the rate of wealthier patients (Journal of
the Medical Association).
a. census
b. sampling
c. simulation
d. experiment
e. none of these choices
ANSWER: b
3. Stella conducts a study to analyze a demographic picture of her country. She aims to determine whether
the population of her country is decreasing or increasing by collecting and analyzing data on the size and
composition of the population, the number of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, the number of arrivals
and departures from the country, as well as the number of arrivals and departures within the country and
its regions. Determine the census in this study.
a. entire world population
b. sample population of Stella's country
c. entire adult population of Stella's country
d. entire population of Stella's country
ANSWER: d
4. Which technique of collecting information is the most appropriate for the following study?
A study of the phone models of each employee working at the finance department at your university at
the end of the year.
a. sampling method
b. experiment method
c. simulation method
d. census method
ANSWER: d
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5. How can you use the placebo effect in the given experiment?
An experiment studying the effect of caffeine on the human body.
a. Subjects are divided into two groups. One group receives coffee with caffeine. The other
group receives a decaf coffee (coffee without caffeine).
b. Subjects are in one group. First, they receive coffee with caffeine, later they get water.
c. Subjects are in one group. First, they receive coffee with caffeine, after 1 day they get black
tea.
d. Subjects are divided into two groups. Both groups receive decaf coffee (coffee
without caffeine).
ANSWER: a
6. How would you use a completely randomized experiment in the following study?
Jane works in the agricultural sector. She needs to find a new fertilizer to work with. She has a total of 50
plants to test. To determine if the fertilizer is effective, Jane uses an electrical conductivity meter to
measure the electrical conductivity of the fertilizer and soil solution (EC). The EC value shows the total
amount of fertilizer ions, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in milliSiemens per centimeter. The optimal
EC value for plant growth is from 0.8 mS/cm to 1.8 mS/cm and should not exceed 2.5 mS/cm. Jane uses
the new fertilizer for 25 plants. After five days of applying the new fertilizer, she uses an electrical
conductivity meter on the roots of all 50 plants to measure EC and monitor the level of nutrients in the
roots of plants, which gives her an understanding of the effectiveness of the new fertilizer.
a. Use the first 25 plants; test the selected plants.
b. Use random selection to pick 25 plants to fertilize; test all plants.
c. Use all plants and apply the fertilizer to the plants that need it the most; test the selected
plants.
d. Use random selection to pick 25 plants that need fertilizer more than the others; test the
selected plants.
ANSWER: b
7. Rachel wants to identify how often students from her college eat out depending on their major. She
uses a random sample of 36 students to conduct an online survey. The survey asks 10 multiple choice
questions with five answer options: never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always. What are the potential
pitfalls that might make her data unreliable?
a. Respondents may answer truthfully.
b. Respondents may lie intentionally or inadvertently.
c. Words such as “often,” “rarely,” and “sometimes” mean different things to different people.
d. Factors such as tone of voice, body language, dress, gender, authority, and ethnicity of the
interviewer might influence responses.
ANSWER: c
8. A hospital wants to improve the quality of its services. To collect the reviews from the patients they
send an online voluntary questionnaire with open and close-ended questions to their patients after
discharge from the hospital. What are the potential pitfalls that might make the hospital’s data unreliable?
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