NM WATER LEVEL 4 Exam 2 Review Guide
2025 Questions And 100% Verified Answers
Graded A+ Guaranteed Pass
P wave
- answer-firing of the SA node
Depolarization of the atria.
Preload
- answer-volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, before the next
contraction
Fluid balance
(volume at end of diastole)
Decrease- diuretics, nitrates, elevate HOB, morphine
Increase- fluids
Pressure generated at the end of diastole
1st degree AV block
- answer-cause- dig toxicity, ccbs and bbs
No tx. Just document and watch to see if it progresses
Sinus tachycardia
- answer-increased myocardial oxygen consumption
Amiodorone
- answer-potassium channel blocker
Adenosine
- answer-chest pain
-period of asystole;
,Given in big vein over 1-2 seconds, flushed w/20 ml of salineSynchronized
cardioversion
- answer-sedate- versed
1st 3-4 weeks of anticoagulant therapy
PVC
- answer-pulmonary edema, shock, decreased blood flow to brain
BB, procainamide, and amiodarone
Most common cause of death in acute MI
- answer-Vfib
May occur during catheterization procedures or with coronary reperfusion after
thrombolytic therapy
Baroceptors
- answer-aortic arch and carotid sinus
(at the origin of the internal carotid artery)
Decreased pulse pressure
- answer-heart failure and hypovolemia
Statins
- answer-SE- muscle pain/weakness
-Monitor liver enzymes and creatine kinase
Bile-acid sequestrants
- answer-Bind with bile acids in intestine, forming insoluble complex and excreted
in feces;
Binding results in removal of LDL and cholesterol; ↓ LDL
Sudden cardiac death
- answer-most likely to occur within 4hrs after MI
CVP
- answer-R ventricular preload 2-8
-amount in the ventricle at the end of diastole
, If low CVP and PAWP
High CVP and PAWP
- answer-decreased preload
-hypovolemia
Ncreased preload
-right ventricular failure or volume overload
Afterload
- answer-Forces opposing ventricular ejection
-peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
Affected by size of the ventricle, wall tension, and arterial blood pressure (BP)
Decrease- vasodilators & antihypertensives
-primacor (milrinone), Nesiritide (Natrecor), Nitroprusside (Nipride); arterial
vasodilators
Negative inotropes
- answer-beta blockers, alcohol, calcium channel blockers
CCB
Zem pine mil
- answer-vasodilation
Decrease afterload & contractility
Antihypertensive
Decreases HR, contractility and BP
May prevent or control coronary vasospasm
-act on vascular smooth muscle, causing dilation
-Lower pulmonary artery pressure
Prevent calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and myocytes (cardiac
cells), May prevent or control coronary vasospasm, Promote coronary and
peripheral vasodilation, Reduce heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure
(1) systemic vasodilation with decreased SVR, (2) decreased myocardial
2025 Questions And 100% Verified Answers
Graded A+ Guaranteed Pass
P wave
- answer-firing of the SA node
Depolarization of the atria.
Preload
- answer-volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, before the next
contraction
Fluid balance
(volume at end of diastole)
Decrease- diuretics, nitrates, elevate HOB, morphine
Increase- fluids
Pressure generated at the end of diastole
1st degree AV block
- answer-cause- dig toxicity, ccbs and bbs
No tx. Just document and watch to see if it progresses
Sinus tachycardia
- answer-increased myocardial oxygen consumption
Amiodorone
- answer-potassium channel blocker
Adenosine
- answer-chest pain
-period of asystole;
,Given in big vein over 1-2 seconds, flushed w/20 ml of salineSynchronized
cardioversion
- answer-sedate- versed
1st 3-4 weeks of anticoagulant therapy
PVC
- answer-pulmonary edema, shock, decreased blood flow to brain
BB, procainamide, and amiodarone
Most common cause of death in acute MI
- answer-Vfib
May occur during catheterization procedures or with coronary reperfusion after
thrombolytic therapy
Baroceptors
- answer-aortic arch and carotid sinus
(at the origin of the internal carotid artery)
Decreased pulse pressure
- answer-heart failure and hypovolemia
Statins
- answer-SE- muscle pain/weakness
-Monitor liver enzymes and creatine kinase
Bile-acid sequestrants
- answer-Bind with bile acids in intestine, forming insoluble complex and excreted
in feces;
Binding results in removal of LDL and cholesterol; ↓ LDL
Sudden cardiac death
- answer-most likely to occur within 4hrs after MI
CVP
- answer-R ventricular preload 2-8
-amount in the ventricle at the end of diastole
, If low CVP and PAWP
High CVP and PAWP
- answer-decreased preload
-hypovolemia
Ncreased preload
-right ventricular failure or volume overload
Afterload
- answer-Forces opposing ventricular ejection
-peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
Affected by size of the ventricle, wall tension, and arterial blood pressure (BP)
Decrease- vasodilators & antihypertensives
-primacor (milrinone), Nesiritide (Natrecor), Nitroprusside (Nipride); arterial
vasodilators
Negative inotropes
- answer-beta blockers, alcohol, calcium channel blockers
CCB
Zem pine mil
- answer-vasodilation
Decrease afterload & contractility
Antihypertensive
Decreases HR, contractility and BP
May prevent or control coronary vasospasm
-act on vascular smooth muscle, causing dilation
-Lower pulmonary artery pressure
Prevent calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and myocytes (cardiac
cells), May prevent or control coronary vasospasm, Promote coronary and
peripheral vasodilation, Reduce heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure
(1) systemic vasodilation with decreased SVR, (2) decreased myocardial
