Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing: Test 3
Bone ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - A dense, hard type of connective tissue; 4 Basic Types of
Bones- Short, Long, Flat, and Irregular; Made up of Compact and Spongy Bone
Joint ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - A union of two or more bones in the body; Some move freely,
some are slightly moveable, and some are immovable
Bursa ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; AKA Bursae) - (correct Answer) - Small Fluid-Filled Sacs that provide a cushion at
the friction points in the joints
Skeletal Muscles ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - striated muscles that are made of bundles of
muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
Tendons ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - Cords of Fibrous Connective Tissue that connect a muscle
to a bone that connect a muscle to a joint movement
Ligaments ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; Slide 5) - (correct Answer) - Connect bones or cartilage to provide support
and strength
Cartilage ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; Slide 5) - (correct Answer) - Fibrous Connective Tissue that acts as a Cushion
Structures that are Involved in Positioning and Moving Patients ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; ) - (correct Answer) -
Bones, Joints, Bursae, Skeletal Muscles, Tendons Ligaments, an Cartilage
Functions of Bones - (correct Answer) - Provide a scaffolding to support the body; Give shape to the body
and support the internal organs and skin; Provide Places for ligaments and tendons to attach and
facilitate movement
Functions of Muscles ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; Slide 7) - (correct Answer) - produce movement, maintain
posture, stabilize joints, generate heat, Can stretch; can be stimulated to contract electronically or to
extend elastically
Memorizes Photos of Figure 18.1 ad 18.2 - (correct Answer) -
changes occuring with in the musculoskeletal system ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268 and 269; Slide 8) - (correct
Answer) - Bone mass loss may lead to osteoporosis ( more severe in women) ; Loss of bone density
predisposes the elderly to fractures; Muscle Cells are lost and replaced by fat cells; Elasticity of muscle
fibers is decreased, limiting flexibility; Joint motion may decrease limiting motion and mobility
Principles of Body Movement for Nurses ( Ch.18 , Pg. 269, Slide 9 and 10) - (correct Answer) - One of the
most common injuries in health care workers is lower back strain; Get help whenever possible; ask
patient to help if able ( two nurses moving a patient divides the work; it is better to wait for help than to
risk injury); Use your leg muscles. Bend and Flex your knees ( Bend at the knees, not at the waist); Use
the greatest number of muscles possible; use thigh, arm, or leg muscles rather than back muscles, and
use a wide base of support; Keep feet approximately shoulder-width apart; Pull and pivot, using smooth,
coordinated movements; avoid jerking or sudden pulling movements; Keep elbows and work closer to
,your body; Work at the same level or height as the object to be moved; Keep your trunk straight and do
not twist when lifting or pulling; Use your arms as levers when pulling the patient towards you. Lock the
elbows and rock back on your heels, using the weight of your body to move the patient.
pivot ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - turn or change direction with your feet while remaining in a
fixed place
Two Basic Principles of Body Movement ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271; Slide 13) - (correct Answer) - 1) Maintain
Correct Anatomic Position ; 2) Change Position Frequently
Hazards of improper alignment ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271, Slide 13) - (correct Answer) - *Interference with
circulation, which may lead to pressure ulcers
*Muscle cramps and possible contractures
*Fluid collection in lungs
pressure injuries ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - tissue injuries that form from local interference
with circulation
Contractures ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - Resistance to stretch in damaged muscle that pulls a
joint into a fixed or frozen position
Memorize Figure 18.5 ( Slide 15) - (correct Answer) -
Pressure Ulcers ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271, Slide 16) - (correct Answer) - AKA Pressure Injuries, Decubitus Ulcers, or
bedsores
- Occur when pressure on the skin causes an area of local tissue necrosis
- Occur most often between bony prominence and an external surface
- May be caused by shearin as force is applied downward and forward on tissue beneath the skin ( as
when a patient slides down a chair)
necrosis ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - tissue death locally from disease or injury
Shearing Force ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - combination of friction and pressure
When assessing the standing patient's body alignment.... ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - ...., begin
by noting the head position in relation to the rest of the body.
Symmetry ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - Eqaulity in size, forn, and arrangement in parts of the
opposite slides of a plane; a mirror image)
Ambulate ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - to walk
gait ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - style of walking
Nursing Diagnoses for Problems of Body Movement - (correct Answer) - Commonly used nursing
diagnoses:
, - Risk for Injury
- Impaired Physical Mobility
- Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
- Impaired Walking
Planning Stage for Problems of Body Movement ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272); Slide 18 - (correct Answer) - - Decide
how to change the patients position and whether you can delegate this task to assistive personnel
- The home setting must also be considered when planning care for the patient
Planning Stage for Problems of Body Movement: Goals and Expected Outcomes ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272); Slide
19 - (correct Answer) - - Patient will experience no musculoskeletal injury
- Former level of mobility will be reattained within 6 months
- Skin integrity will remain intact while patient is on bed rest
-Patient will not experience injury while ambulating
- Patien should have full ROM exercise actively or passively performed several times a day.
Implementation Stage for Problems of Body Movement: Positioning Planning Stage for Problems of Body
Movement ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272); Slide 25 - (correct Answer) - Accomplishes 4 Objectives: 1) Positioning
Provides Comfort 2) Positioning relieves pressure and other parts, decreasing the patients risk of
developing bedsores 3) Positioning prevents contractures, deformities, and respiratory problems 4)
Positioning improves circulation
Common Positions and their Variations for Body Positioning Planning Stage for Problems of Body
Movement: Supine ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272-3); Slide 26 - (correct Answer) - - Patient lying on her back
- Fowler's Position: Supine with the HOB elevated 60-90 degrees
- Semi-Fowler's Position: Supine with the HOB elevated 30-60 degrees
- Low Fowler's Position: Supine with the HOB elevated 15-30 degrees.
- Dorsal Recumbent Position- Supine with Knees flexed and feet flat on the bed; used for many
procedures and examinations
- Dorsal Lithotomy Position- Feet in Stirrups and Legs spread farther apart; used in pelvic exams
Common Positions and Variations: Side-Lying Lateral ( Ch.18, Pg. 273; Slide 31-33) - (correct Answer) - -
Patient Lying on her side: Alleviates pressure on bony prominences of the back
- Oblique Side-Lying Position: Removes Pressure from the shoulder and hip; easier for patients
- Sims Position: A variation used for rectal examination or insertions of tubes or suppositories
Common Positions and Variations: Prone ( Ch.18; Pg.273; Slides 34 and 35) - (correct Answer) - - Patient
Bone ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - A dense, hard type of connective tissue; 4 Basic Types of
Bones- Short, Long, Flat, and Irregular; Made up of Compact and Spongy Bone
Joint ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - A union of two or more bones in the body; Some move freely,
some are slightly moveable, and some are immovable
Bursa ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; AKA Bursae) - (correct Answer) - Small Fluid-Filled Sacs that provide a cushion at
the friction points in the joints
Skeletal Muscles ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - striated muscles that are made of bundles of
muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
Tendons ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268) - (correct Answer) - Cords of Fibrous Connective Tissue that connect a muscle
to a bone that connect a muscle to a joint movement
Ligaments ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; Slide 5) - (correct Answer) - Connect bones or cartilage to provide support
and strength
Cartilage ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; Slide 5) - (correct Answer) - Fibrous Connective Tissue that acts as a Cushion
Structures that are Involved in Positioning and Moving Patients ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; ) - (correct Answer) -
Bones, Joints, Bursae, Skeletal Muscles, Tendons Ligaments, an Cartilage
Functions of Bones - (correct Answer) - Provide a scaffolding to support the body; Give shape to the body
and support the internal organs and skin; Provide Places for ligaments and tendons to attach and
facilitate movement
Functions of Muscles ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268; Slide 7) - (correct Answer) - produce movement, maintain
posture, stabilize joints, generate heat, Can stretch; can be stimulated to contract electronically or to
extend elastically
Memorizes Photos of Figure 18.1 ad 18.2 - (correct Answer) -
changes occuring with in the musculoskeletal system ( Ch. 18 , Pg. 268 and 269; Slide 8) - (correct
Answer) - Bone mass loss may lead to osteoporosis ( more severe in women) ; Loss of bone density
predisposes the elderly to fractures; Muscle Cells are lost and replaced by fat cells; Elasticity of muscle
fibers is decreased, limiting flexibility; Joint motion may decrease limiting motion and mobility
Principles of Body Movement for Nurses ( Ch.18 , Pg. 269, Slide 9 and 10) - (correct Answer) - One of the
most common injuries in health care workers is lower back strain; Get help whenever possible; ask
patient to help if able ( two nurses moving a patient divides the work; it is better to wait for help than to
risk injury); Use your leg muscles. Bend and Flex your knees ( Bend at the knees, not at the waist); Use
the greatest number of muscles possible; use thigh, arm, or leg muscles rather than back muscles, and
use a wide base of support; Keep feet approximately shoulder-width apart; Pull and pivot, using smooth,
coordinated movements; avoid jerking or sudden pulling movements; Keep elbows and work closer to
,your body; Work at the same level or height as the object to be moved; Keep your trunk straight and do
not twist when lifting or pulling; Use your arms as levers when pulling the patient towards you. Lock the
elbows and rock back on your heels, using the weight of your body to move the patient.
pivot ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - turn or change direction with your feet while remaining in a
fixed place
Two Basic Principles of Body Movement ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271; Slide 13) - (correct Answer) - 1) Maintain
Correct Anatomic Position ; 2) Change Position Frequently
Hazards of improper alignment ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271, Slide 13) - (correct Answer) - *Interference with
circulation, which may lead to pressure ulcers
*Muscle cramps and possible contractures
*Fluid collection in lungs
pressure injuries ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - tissue injuries that form from local interference
with circulation
Contractures ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - Resistance to stretch in damaged muscle that pulls a
joint into a fixed or frozen position
Memorize Figure 18.5 ( Slide 15) - (correct Answer) -
Pressure Ulcers ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271, Slide 16) - (correct Answer) - AKA Pressure Injuries, Decubitus Ulcers, or
bedsores
- Occur when pressure on the skin causes an area of local tissue necrosis
- Occur most often between bony prominence and an external surface
- May be caused by shearin as force is applied downward and forward on tissue beneath the skin ( as
when a patient slides down a chair)
necrosis ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - tissue death locally from disease or injury
Shearing Force ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - combination of friction and pressure
When assessing the standing patient's body alignment.... ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - ...., begin
by noting the head position in relation to the rest of the body.
Symmetry ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - Eqaulity in size, forn, and arrangement in parts of the
opposite slides of a plane; a mirror image)
Ambulate ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - to walk
gait ( Ch.18 , Pg. 271) - (correct Answer) - style of walking
Nursing Diagnoses for Problems of Body Movement - (correct Answer) - Commonly used nursing
diagnoses:
, - Risk for Injury
- Impaired Physical Mobility
- Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
- Impaired Walking
Planning Stage for Problems of Body Movement ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272); Slide 18 - (correct Answer) - - Decide
how to change the patients position and whether you can delegate this task to assistive personnel
- The home setting must also be considered when planning care for the patient
Planning Stage for Problems of Body Movement: Goals and Expected Outcomes ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272); Slide
19 - (correct Answer) - - Patient will experience no musculoskeletal injury
- Former level of mobility will be reattained within 6 months
- Skin integrity will remain intact while patient is on bed rest
-Patient will not experience injury while ambulating
- Patien should have full ROM exercise actively or passively performed several times a day.
Implementation Stage for Problems of Body Movement: Positioning Planning Stage for Problems of Body
Movement ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272); Slide 25 - (correct Answer) - Accomplishes 4 Objectives: 1) Positioning
Provides Comfort 2) Positioning relieves pressure and other parts, decreasing the patients risk of
developing bedsores 3) Positioning prevents contractures, deformities, and respiratory problems 4)
Positioning improves circulation
Common Positions and their Variations for Body Positioning Planning Stage for Problems of Body
Movement: Supine ( Ch.18 , Pg. 272-3); Slide 26 - (correct Answer) - - Patient lying on her back
- Fowler's Position: Supine with the HOB elevated 60-90 degrees
- Semi-Fowler's Position: Supine with the HOB elevated 30-60 degrees
- Low Fowler's Position: Supine with the HOB elevated 15-30 degrees.
- Dorsal Recumbent Position- Supine with Knees flexed and feet flat on the bed; used for many
procedures and examinations
- Dorsal Lithotomy Position- Feet in Stirrups and Legs spread farther apart; used in pelvic exams
Common Positions and Variations: Side-Lying Lateral ( Ch.18, Pg. 273; Slide 31-33) - (correct Answer) - -
Patient Lying on her side: Alleviates pressure on bony prominences of the back
- Oblique Side-Lying Position: Removes Pressure from the shoulder and hip; easier for patients
- Sims Position: A variation used for rectal examination or insertions of tubes or suppositories
Common Positions and Variations: Prone ( Ch.18; Pg.273; Slides 34 and 35) - (correct Answer) - - Patient
