Exam 3: BIOS 242 / BIOS242 Review (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Fundamentals of Microbiology with Lab| Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Chamberlain
1. What is the first line of defense?
Anatomical, physiological barriers that keep microbes from penetrating
sterile body compartments.
2. What is the second line of defense?
Cellular, chemical system that comes immediately into play if infectious
agents make it past the surface defenses.
3. What is the third line of defense?
Specific host defenses that must be developed uniquely for each microbe
through the action of specialized white blood cells.
4. What does the first line of defense include?
Physical and chemical barriers.
5. What does the second line of defense include?
Phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins.
6. What does the third line of defense include?
B and T cells.
7. What are the physical barriers on the skin?
Hair follicles, sweat glands, mucous membranes.
8. What are the chemical barriers of the skin?
Lysozyme, saliva, sweat, skin's pH, hydrochloric acid, bile, resident
microbiota.
9. What are the first lines of defense in the mouth?
Saliva (contains lysozyme).
,10. Where do B cells mature?
Develop and mature in red bone marrow.
11. Where do T cells mature?
Develop in bone marrow and mature in the thymus.
12. What is an antigen?
Foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response.
13. What is another name for antigens?
Immunogens.
14. Where do antigens come from?
Proteins and polysaccharides from cells and viruses.
15. What are the functions of plasma cells?
Release antibodies into the tissue/blood, attach to antigens for
destruction.
16. True or false: Plasma cells can produce 2000 antibodies per
second.
True.
17. What is the percentage of neutrophils in circulating WBC?
55–90%.
18. What is the percentage of eosinophils in circulating WBC?
2–4%.
19. What is the percentage of basophils in circulating WBC?
Less than 0.5%.
20. What is the percentage of lymphocytes in circulating WBC?
20–35%.
21. What is the percentage of monocytes in circulating WBC?
3–7%.
, 22. What is the function of neutrophils?
Production of toxic chemicals and phagocytosis.
23. When do neutrophils react?
Early in the inflammatory response to bacteria, foreign materials, and
damaged tissue.
24. A common sign of a bacterial infection is a high number of what?
Neutrophils.
25. What is the function of eosinophils?
Attack and destroy large eukaryotic pathogens.
26. Which WBC is attracted to sites of parasitic infections?
Eosinophils.
27. Elevation of eosinophil count occurs in what types of infections?
Helminths, allergic infections.
28. What is the function of basophils?
Produce histamine and heparin.
29. Basophils mediate what type of reactions?
Allergic.
30. What are the two types of lymphocytes?
B and T cells.
31. B cells form plasma cells that...
Produce antibodies.
32. What is the function of T cells?
Kill foreign cells.
Fundamentals of Microbiology with Lab| Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Chamberlain
1. What is the first line of defense?
Anatomical, physiological barriers that keep microbes from penetrating
sterile body compartments.
2. What is the second line of defense?
Cellular, chemical system that comes immediately into play if infectious
agents make it past the surface defenses.
3. What is the third line of defense?
Specific host defenses that must be developed uniquely for each microbe
through the action of specialized white blood cells.
4. What does the first line of defense include?
Physical and chemical barriers.
5. What does the second line of defense include?
Phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins.
6. What does the third line of defense include?
B and T cells.
7. What are the physical barriers on the skin?
Hair follicles, sweat glands, mucous membranes.
8. What are the chemical barriers of the skin?
Lysozyme, saliva, sweat, skin's pH, hydrochloric acid, bile, resident
microbiota.
9. What are the first lines of defense in the mouth?
Saliva (contains lysozyme).
,10. Where do B cells mature?
Develop and mature in red bone marrow.
11. Where do T cells mature?
Develop in bone marrow and mature in the thymus.
12. What is an antigen?
Foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response.
13. What is another name for antigens?
Immunogens.
14. Where do antigens come from?
Proteins and polysaccharides from cells and viruses.
15. What are the functions of plasma cells?
Release antibodies into the tissue/blood, attach to antigens for
destruction.
16. True or false: Plasma cells can produce 2000 antibodies per
second.
True.
17. What is the percentage of neutrophils in circulating WBC?
55–90%.
18. What is the percentage of eosinophils in circulating WBC?
2–4%.
19. What is the percentage of basophils in circulating WBC?
Less than 0.5%.
20. What is the percentage of lymphocytes in circulating WBC?
20–35%.
21. What is the percentage of monocytes in circulating WBC?
3–7%.
, 22. What is the function of neutrophils?
Production of toxic chemicals and phagocytosis.
23. When do neutrophils react?
Early in the inflammatory response to bacteria, foreign materials, and
damaged tissue.
24. A common sign of a bacterial infection is a high number of what?
Neutrophils.
25. What is the function of eosinophils?
Attack and destroy large eukaryotic pathogens.
26. Which WBC is attracted to sites of parasitic infections?
Eosinophils.
27. Elevation of eosinophil count occurs in what types of infections?
Helminths, allergic infections.
28. What is the function of basophils?
Produce histamine and heparin.
29. Basophils mediate what type of reactions?
Allergic.
30. What are the two types of lymphocytes?
B and T cells.
31. B cells form plasma cells that...
Produce antibodies.
32. What is the function of T cells?
Kill foreign cells.
